Malignant mesothelioma in the western world is often associated with asbestos exposure. It is a relatively rare cancer that causes approximately 2,500 deaths yearly in the United States and 1,000 deaths yearly in the United Kingdom. In contrast, among people born in the Cappadocian (Turkey) villages of Tuzkoy, Karain, and "Old" Sarihidir, approximately 50% of deaths are caused by malignant meso...

INTRODUCTION Landmines are indiscriminate weapons that mainly injure poor populations in the developing world. Pre-hospital treatment by village-based paramedics and first responders has reduced mortality, but little is known about the social impact of paramedic and first responder training in villages. The aim of this study was to understand how villagers in socially deprived, mine-infested vi...

BACKGROUND A village-randomized trial of a seven-valent pneumococcal-conjugate-vaccine (PCV-7) conducted in rural Gambia showed a decrease of vaccine-type (VT) and a non-significant increase in non-vaccine-type (NVT) nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci two years after vaccination. Here, we report findings four years after vaccination. METHODS PCV-7 was given to all children below 30 months...

BACKGROUND Knowledge of spatial and temporal distributions of mortality and morbidity is important to prioritise areas for adjusting the public health system where people need services most. A Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) plays an important role where accurate national vital events are not available in identifying areas and periods with excess mortality risks. METHODS The...

We have been implementing the research work in order to achieve the rural clinics that can provide the similar quality of clinic performance as that of urban general hospitals. The research work involves the use of common fund in community, from the financial viewpoint, for the purpose of continuous management of clinics in rural villages of developing countries, and the introduction of telemed...

Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a chronic tubulointerstitial disease whose mosaic-like distribution throughout the Balkans has not changed significantly since its initial description. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that the occurrence of BEN is linked with the environmental geochemistry of villages. Soil samples were collected from BEN and non-BEN villages in the Vratza region of...

The study was carried out on a total number of 360 dairy animal, 275 dairy cow and 85 buffalo during the period from Jan. 2010 to March 2015. All the cases were private cases seen in the villages of Damietta and in veterinary convoys held in villages of Upper Egypt. The udder affections included: Deep wounds ( 5(1.4%) , 1(0.28%) ); Heamatoma ( 20(5.6%) ,7(1.9%) ); Abscesses ( 21(5.83%) ,0 ); Ga...

Proximity and affiliation to the local market appear to be two of the most relevant factors to explain farmer's choices to select a particular trading point. Physical barriers may limit the options , especially in developing countries. A network of villages linked by traders/farmer-traders sharing livestock markets was built with field data collected in 75 villages from 8 kebelles in the Wasson...

BACKGROUND Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia, accounting for over five million cases and thousands of deaths annually. The risks of morbidity and mortality associated with malaria are characterized by spatial and temporal variation across the country. This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of malaria transmission at the local level and implements...