In this article, the syntheses and optical properties of core/shell quantum dot (CdSe/ZnS) and their applications are reviewed. Nevertheless, the main focus is to provide an overview on biological applications of quantum dots that contain imaging, targeting, and sensing. We discuss the different synthetic methods, optical properties (photoluminescence intensity, absorption, and fluorescence spe...

Absorption of sunlight by chromophoric dissolved natural organic matter (CDOM) is environmentally significant because it controls photic zone depth and causes photochemistry that affects elemental cycling and contaminant fate. Both the optics (absorbance and fluorescence) and photochemistry of CDOM display unusual properties that cannot easily be ascribed to a superposition of individual chromo...

Visible absorption spectra are presented for the Azolla caroliniana Willd.-Anabaena azollae Strass. association and the individual partners. Although absorption by the phycobiliproteins of the endophytic cyanobacterium clearly complements the absorption by the fern pigments, their contribution to the absorption spectrum of the association is effectively concealed by the preponderance of the Azo...

Classical colour prediction models do not take fluorescence into account, and their predictions fail if fluorescent substances are contained in the inks. This is due to the fact that the overall spectrum of fluorescent substances depends on the spectrum of the light source. Furthermore, fluorescence is a non linear phenomenon. This study aims at predicting the spectra and the colours of uniform...

(Trimethylsilyl)methyl groups incorporated at 9- and 9,10-positions of anthracenes and at 1,3,6,8-positions of pyrenes were found to orient perpendicular to the aromatic frameworks in their crystals and induce red-shift of UV absorption and fluorescence spectra and enhancement of fluorescence quantum yields as compared with the parent hydrocarbons.

Reaction of porphycene isothiocyanates with primary and secondary amines leads to the formation of thiazolo[4,5-c]porphycenes, with a substantial shift in the absorption and fluorescence spectra. The conjugates show fluorescence in the near-infrared and are capable of photosensitizing the production of the cytotoxic species singlet oxygen.

Single crystal X-ray analysis reveals a flat perylene π-scaffold for a perylene bisimide bearing bulky 2,6-diphenylphenoxy substituents at the 1,7 bay positions. The flat structure provides sharp vibronic progressions in the absorption and fluorescence spectra, the sterical shielding outstanding fluorescence quantum yields in the solid state.

The thesis is devoted to theoretical investigations of electron-vibration coupling and its effects on optical and electronic properties of single molecules, especially for molecules confined between metallic electrodes. A density-matrix approach has been developed to describe the photon emission of single molecules confined in the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). With this new method electr...

Zinc octakis(P-octoxyethyl)porphyrin, a new, liquid crystalline organic semiconductor, forms more highly ordered thin films than its non liquid crystalline analogue zinc octaethylporphyrin. Films of these two porphyrins are employed to study the changes in the absorption, fluorescence emission, and fluorescence excitation spectra as the film order is increased from amorphous to crystalline. The...

When the sub-core complex of photosystem II, D1/D2, is irradiated at 436 or 415 nm (absorption by chlorophyll and pheophytin and ß-carotene) or 540 nm (absorption primarily by pheophytin), the low temperature fluorescence spectrum has two maxima, at 685 and 674 nm. This shows the existence of at least two different fluorescent forms of chlorophyll (chlorophyll a and perhaps pheophytin a). When ...