introduction: in a serious brain disorder like alzheimer's disease, the levels of acetylcholine (ach) drop significantly. the gradual death of cholinergic brain cells leads to a profound loss of memory and learning ability. acetylcholine is the chemical messenger that sends messages from one neuron to another in the area of the brain used for memory. many of the current medications act to ...

Excessive inflammation and tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) synthesis causes morbidity and mortality in diverse human diseases including endotoxaemia, sepisis, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Highly conserved, endogenous mechanisms normally regulate the magnitude of innate responses and prevent excessive inflammation. The release of system, through the vagus nerve, can inhibit ...

1. In a previous report, we have shown that vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine is impaired in the kidney and the heart of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) in vivo. The present investigation was performed to study the influence of oral antihypertensive treatment with carvedilol for 6 to 10 weeks on acetylcholine-induced changes in regional haemodynamics in SHR in vivo. Cardiac outpu...

The physiological effects of acetylcholine on keratinocytes depend on the presence of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. The role of nonneuronal acetylcholine in keratinocytes could have important clinical implications for patients with various skin disorders such as nonhealing wounds. In order to evaluate the efficacy of highly diluted acetylcholine solutions obtained by sequential kinetic ac...

The present experiments tested the hypothesis that the amphetamine-induced increase in dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens represents a necessary and sufficient component of the ability of systemically administered amphetamine to stimulate cortical acetylcholine release. The effects of systemic or intra-accumbens administration of amphetamine on accumbens dopamine release and cortical ace...

background: teucrium polium has been known as an important traditional medicinal plant and is used for different therapeutic purposes such as gastrointestinal disorders. therefore, the anti-spasmodic and antinociceptive activities of aqueous extract of teucrium polium w as examined. methods: anti-spasmodic effect of different concentrations (47-470 mg/l) of teucrium polium extract was assessed ...

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine, derived from the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca complex, has been accorded an important role in hippocampal learning and memory processes. However, the precise mechanisms whereby acetylcholine released from septohippocampal cholinergic neurons acts to modulate hippocampal microcircuits remain unknown. Here, we show that acetylcholine release from cholin...