OBJECTIVES Polyanionic polymers, including lipoteichoic acid and wall teichoic acid, are important determinants of the charged character of the staphylococcal cell wall. This study was designed to investigate the extent to which teichoic acid contributes to protection from anionic azo dyes and to identify barriers to drug penetration for development of new antibiotics for multidrug-resistant St...

Human red blood cells (RBC), which are the cells most commonly used in the study of biological membranes, have some glycoproteins in their cell membrane. These membrane proteins are band 3 and glycophorins A-D, and some substoichiometric glycoproteins (e.g., CD44, CD47, Lu, Kell, Duffy). The oligosaccharide that band 3 contains has one N-linked oligosaccharide, and glycophorins possess mostly O...

In red clover (Trifolium pratense) leaves, phaselic acid (2-O-caffeoyl-L-malate) accumulates to several mmol kg(-1) fresh weight and is a crucial component of a natural system that prevents protein breakdown during harvest and storage of this forage crop. Previously, we identified HCT2, a red clover gene encoding a hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) hydroxycinnamoyl transferase capable of transf...

Hemagglutination and hemolytic titrations of antisera using red cells to which antigens have been conjugated with bis(diazo)benzidine have been used as a measure of antibody activities (1--4) in this laboratory. Hemagglutination and immune hemolysis fitrations have comparable sensitivities. Immune hemolysis, however, can be modified to give a high degree of precision (5). Both methods have been...

High arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4 n - 6) status may have adverse effects on inflammation and risk of cardiovascular diseases. Concerns about high intake of n - 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are based on the premise that endogenous conversion from linoleic acid (LA; 18:2 n - 6) is an important source of AA, but few population-based studies have investigated dietary determinants of AA statu...

The present research focused on the analysis of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood polyphenols in respect to red heartwood formation, which is a significant color and technological defect species. For first time, high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) were applied for investigation structure ra...

In this study, the adsorption of hexavalent chromium and zinc ions from the solution is investigated by raw red mud and mechanical-chemical activated red mud along with the possibility of selective reclamation of these ions from the solution. The mechanical-chemical activation of red mud was done by employing high-energy milling and subsequent acid treatment with HNO3. Raw red mud (RRM) and mec...