Many evolutionary studies assume that deleterious mutations necessarily impede adaptive evolution. However, a later mutation that is conditionally beneficial may interact with a deleterious predecessor before it is eliminated, thereby providing access to adaptations that might otherwise be inaccessible. It is unknown whether such sign-epistatic recoveries are inconsequential events or an import...

Abstract Extreme heat events impact people and ecosystems across the globe, they are becoming more frequent intense in a warming climate. Responses to span sectors geographic boundaries. Prior research has documented technologies or options that can be deployed manage extreme examples of how individuals, communities, governments, other stakeholder groups adapting heat. However, comprehensive un...

One of the ways to demonstrate a caricature preference is to ask participants to adjust a face image over a range from anti-caricature to caricature until it shows the best likeness to a specific individual. Since facial adaptation, whereby exposure to a face influences subsequent perception of faces, is rapid, it is possible that adaptation promotes the selection of a caricatured image. We tes...

The desire to engage with others is an important motivational force throughout our lifespan. It is known that social behaviour and preferences change from childhood to adulthood, but whether this change is linked with any changes in social motivation is not known. We evaluated 255 typically developing participants from ages 4-20 years on a behavioural paradigm 'Choose a Movie' (CAM). On every t...

introduction: human activities have induced change and variation in world climate. climate change and variability are important issues because of their effects on agriculture, environment, public health and total society. developing countries are generally more vulnerable to the consequences of these changes, as they tend to rely more on climate-sensitive sectors, such as subsistence agricultur...

We examine the dynamics of a neural code in the context of stimuli whose statistical properties are themselves evolving dynamically. Adaptation to these statistics occurs over a wide range of timescalesÐfrom tens of milliseconds to minutes. Rapid components of adaptation serve to optimize the information that action potentials carry about rapid stimulus variations within the local statistical e...