Most angiosperms — and all major crops — are unable to withstand high concentrations of sodium chloride. Soils containing concentrations of salt amounting to a few hundred millimolar occur naturally, of course, and saline land is estimated to represent between 2.3 and 6.4% of global land surface [1]. As much as 13% of cultivated land is thought to be salt-affected. In some instances, however, a...

Heat pipes have immense potential in the future of thermal management in electronic devices. As a passive device, they rely solely upon capillary forces to recirculate the coolant from the condenser to the evaporator via a wicking structure. In intermediate temperature heat pipes the limiting factor for heat removal is the capillary limit, which indicates the maximum recirculation rate that the...