AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) in acute watery diarrhoea and its role in reducing the frequency of episodes of diarrhoea in subsequent two months. METHODS Children from 2 mo to 12 years of age, with acute diarrhoea were selected according to inclusion criteria and randomised in S. boulardii group (treated with ORS, nutritional support and S. bo...

Reviewed are all the published clinical trials of glycine-based oral rehydration salts (ORS), L-alanine-based ORS, L-glutamine-based ORS, maltodextrin-based ORS, and rice-based ORS, as well as the results of several recently completed, but unpublished, studies of these formulations that were supported by WHO. All experimental ORS formulations contained the same concentrations of salts as citrat...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of zinc supplementation on the clinical course, stool weight, duration of diarrhoea, changes in serum zinc, and body weight gain of children with acute diarrhoea. DESIGN Randomised double blind controlled trial. Children were assigned to receive zinc (20 mg elemental zinc per day) containing multivitamins or control group (zinc-free multivitamins) daily in thr...

The report by George Armah and colleagues (Aug 21, p 606) on the effi cacy of a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa is encouraging news for the control of rotavirus gastroenteritis in African children. Interestingly, the same vaccine is about 50% less effi cacious than reported in some developed countries. Although the absolute proportion of severe diarrhoeal disease prevented i...

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of five probiotic preparations recommended to parents in the treatment of acute diarrhoea in children. Design Randomised controlled clinical trial in collaboration with family paediatricians over 12 months. SETTING Primary care. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 3-36 months visiting a family paediatrician for acute diarrhoea. INTERVENTION Children's parents were...

Abstract Background The plant Hymenocardia acida (Euphorbiaceae) is utilized as herbal preparation against diarrhoea, dysentery and other diseases. We aimed to determine the antidiarrhoeal potentials of (MEHA) stem bark in vivo vitro. Preliminary phytochemical contents, well acute toxicity effect extract, were investigated based on standard experimental methods. properties MEHA at 150, 300 600 ...

Vasoactive intestinal peptide tumours (VIPomas) are rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours with an estimated incidence of between 0.2 to 0.5 per million per year that usually present with a conglomerate of findings related to the excessive secretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) including profuse watery diarrhoea, dehydration, hypokalemia and hypoclorhydria occasionally referred to as ...

Aetiological agents of acute diarrhoea in the first three years of life were determined. The main causative agents were bacteria (25.6%), viruses (20.6%) and parasites (3.6%). Mixed infection of bacteria and viruses was also found. Sixtyfour per cent children were malnourished and 23% were severely dehydrated. EPEC serotype 0111 : K58 was found to be predominant. Mixed infection mainly affected...