The intestinal epithelium is a monolayer of polarized columnar cells that act as border between the host and its environment are first line defence against luminal microbes. In addition to providing physical barrier, possesses multitude active mechanisms fight invading pathogens regulate composition spatial distribution commensals. different epithelial cell types have unique functions in this c...

The adaptive capacity of ecosystems is a key to maintaining ecosystem functions and preserving biodiversity at all levels. research was carried out in the western Southern Ural low-hill terrains (Russia). We analyzed distributions above-ground biomass herb layer species primary spruce, long-term secondary birch 20-35-year forests, stable-term 20-year aspen forests. Species abundance (SAD) analy...