The human prion protein fragment, PrP (106-126), may contain a majority of the pathological features associated with the infectious scrapie isoform of PrP, known as PrP(Sc). Based on our previous findings that hypoxia protects neuronal cells from PrP (106-126)-induced apoptosis and increases cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) expression, we hypothesized that hypoxia-related genes, including hypoxi...

In recent years, the topic of plant intelligence has triggered ample discussion among plant scientists, especially when cast under the label of plant neurobiology therein). According to plant neurobiology, it is both claimed (and challenged in turn) that plants exhibit intelligent behavior, and that they possess internal control structures in many ways functionally similar to neuron-based contr...

This paper discusses memory neuron networks as models for identification and adaptive control of nonlinear dynamical systems. These are a class of recurrent networks obtained by adding trainable temporal elements to feedforward networks that makes the output history-sensitive. By virtue of this capability, these networks can identify dynamical systems without having to be explicitly fed with pa...

Since the pioneering work of Amari and Oja, principal component neural networks and their extensions have become an active adaptive signal processing research eld. One of such extensions is minor component analysis (MCA), that proves to be e ective in problems such as robust curve/surface tting and noise reduction. The aims of this paper are to give a detailed and homogeneous review of one-unit...

A new approach for the adaptive algorithm of a fully connected recurrent neural network (RNN) based upon the digital filter theory is proposed. Each recurrent neuron is modeled by using an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter. The weights of each layer in the RNN are updated adaptively so that the error between the desired output and the RNN output can converge to zero asymptotically. The pro...

the n-methyl-d-aspartic acid (nmda) receptor is one of the specific types of ionotropic receptors which lied to glutaminergic system. it has been widely accepted that nmda receptor neurons promote anxiety, in humans as well as in animal models. however, in the previous study seems inhibiting of this receptors decreased the protective role in neural cell. demonstration of nmda receptor activity ...

introduction: embryonic stem (es) cells are pluripotent cells derived from inner cell mass of blastocyst. these cells can product any cell by spontaneous or directed differentiation. this study was started to produce neuron cells by directed differentiation of new murine es cell line in vitro. materials and methods: murine es cells (royan b1 derived from c57bl/6 strain) were used for in vitro n...

An adaptive structural learning method of Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) and Deep Belief Network (DBN) has been developed as one prominent deep models. The neuron generation-annihilation algorithm in RBM layer generation DBN make an optimal network structure for given input during the learning. In this paper, our model is applied to automatic recognition road system, called RoadTracer. Road...

We present a generalized adaptive activation function neuron structure which learns through an information-theoretic-based principle, which is able to estimate the probability density function of incoming input. It provides a low-order smooth robust estimate of the input signal probability density function. The presented method has been developed with reference to statistical characterization o...