DNA double-strand breaks are particularly deleterious lesions that can lead to genomic instability and cell death. We investigated the SOS response to double-strand breaks in both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. In E. coli, double-strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation resulted in SOS induction in virtually every cell. E. coli strains incapable of SOS induction were sensitive to io...

RAD51 has critical roles in homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and restarting stalled or collapsed replication forks. In yeast, Rad51 function is facilitated by Rad52 and other "mediators." Mammalian cells express RAD52, but BRCA2 may have supplanted RAD52 in mediating RAD51 loading onto ssDNA. BCCIP interacts with BRCA2, and both proteins are important for R...

hen the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) submitted its 1994 report to the United Nations General Assembly this year, the international community received a fuller picture of the biological effects of low doses of ionizing radiation. The 272-page 1994 report specifically addresses epidemiological studies of radiation carcinogenesis and adaptive res...

BACKGROUND Radiation-induced bone sarcoma has been associated with high doses of ionizing radiation from therapeutic or occupation-related exposures. However, the development of bone sarcoma following exposure to lower doses of ionizing radiation remains speculative. METHODS A cohort analysis based on the Life Span Study (n = 120,321) was performed to assess the development of bone sarcoma in...

Cell cycle checkpoints are surveillance mechanisms that safeguard genome integrity. While the extrinsic pathways that halt the cell cycle in response to DNA damages have been well documented, the intrinsic pathways that ensure orderly progression of cell cycle events are not well understood. We demonstrate that Drosophila MEK and ERK constitute an essential intrinsic checkpoint pathway that res...

background: ionizing radiation causes deleterious effects on living system mainly due to oxidative damages of macromolecules and protein is the major target due to its abundance. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ionizing radiation induced changes in the molecular properties of bovine serum albumin (bsa) its secondary and tertiary structures, degradation, cross linking and...

Studying cellular response to radiation damage is important from the perspectives of both radiotherapy and the mitigation of radiation damage. In the case of the former, the goal is the induction of cell death, whereas in the latter case a cellular response leading to organismal survival is required. The fate of the organism after radiation damage is linked in a complex manner to cellular fate....

To anticipate the momentum of the day, most organisms have developed an internal clock that drives circadian rhythms in metabolism, physiology, and behavior [1]. Recent studies indicate that cell-cycle progression and DNA-damage-response pathways are under circadian control [2-4]. Because circadian output processes can feed back into the clock, we investigated whether DNA damage affects the mam...

Introduction: Today, the spread of the use of ionizing radiation and its vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases has been identified. Therefore, protecting pregnant women from ionizing radiation is essential and is considered as the standard criterion for Medical Radiation center. The aim of this study was to investigate the observance of protective principles and...

snm1 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been shown to be specifically sensitive to DNA interstrand crosslinking agents but not sensitive to monofunctional alkylating agents, UV, or ionizing radiation. Five homologs of SNM1 have been identified in the mammalian genome and are termed SNM1, SNM1B, Artemis, ELAC2, and CPSF73. To explore the functional role of human Snm1 in response to DNA dam...