Assertion-based contracts provide a powerful mechanism for stating invariants at module boundaries and for enforcing them uniformly. Recently Findler and Felleisen have shown how to add contracts to higher-order functional languages, allowing programmers to assert invariants about functions as values. In this paper, we develop a model for such contracts. Specifically, we follow Dana Scott’s pro...

The agricultural sector is the driver and “point of growth” national economy Ukraine. Agriculture accounts for an average 16% gross value added in some regions play a key role ensuring food security. However, current conditions martial law Ukraine have led to problems organization logistics activities enterprises agro-industrial complex as result non-fulfilment terms contracts; emergence risks ...

In recent years, dynamic component-based systems such as OSGi and its derivatives have become very successful. This has created new challenges for verification. Assemblies are created and modified dynamically at runtime, but many existing techniques such as unit testing are designed for buildtime verification. Runtime verification is usually restricted to type checks. We propose a simple compon...

We analyze task reallocation where individually rational (IR) agents (re)contract tasks among themselves based on marginal costs. A task allocation graph is introduced as a tool for analyzing contract types. Traditional single task contracts always have a short path (sequence of contracts) to the optimal task allocation but an IR path may not exist, or it may not be short. We analyze an algorit...

In the past, logistics used to be a core function of production and trading companies but many of them started to outsource at least parts of their logistics functions to specialized logistics service providers in terms of logistics contracts. With this, sophisticated business models such as value added logistics service providers evolved which focus on tasks of planning, coordination and monit...