most of the patients imagine that chest pain is not sign of heart attack. but, may be pain is not sign of heart attack. pain source may be from pulmonary, stomach, intestinal, psychologic or musculoskeletal problems. from these factors, when two or more factors combine to each other, similar signs are happen. all of these factors harden diagnosis of chest pain reason. only with separation of pe...

acute myocardial infarction (mi) during pregnancy is rare and mi due to prinzmetal's angina is much rarer. we present a 35-year-old, obese, multigravida, and pre-eclamptic woman, who developed acute anterior wall mi at the 30th week of gestation. on coronary angiography, the second obtuse marginal branch was totally occluded and the right coronary artery (rca) was normal. three days later, she ...

BACKGROUND Diverse pharmacological effects of anti-platelet thienopyridines due to individual differences in metabolism have been reported. However, an association between on-treatment platelet reactivity and adverse ischemic events after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in Japanese patients has not been fully elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 450 consecutive patients on dual an...

unstable angina has progressive process and even in rest time, it happens frequently. it is a serious situation and 15-20 percent of patients are dying in duration of one year. treatment: patients often hospitalized because observation of their reactions to treatment is easier in hospital. treatment plan must be explain for them carefully. when patient’s situation due to anxiety is critical, be...

background in spite of recent advents, and novel improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (tb), definitive diagnosis of pulmonary tb in children is problematic. therefore, measurement of the serum level of adenosine deaminase (ada) was later introduced as a helpful marker for the diagnosis of tb. objectives the purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness o...

Antibody-coated microprobes were inserted into the thoracic (T3-4) spinal cord in urethane-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats to detect the differences in the release of immunoreactive substance P-like (irSP) substances in response to differential activation of cardiac nociceptive sensory neurons (CNAN). CNAN were stimulated either by intrapericardial infusion of an inflammatory ischemic exudate ...

Organic nitrates have been used to relieve angina since Brunton (l) first described their use in 1867. The assumption has been that nitrates decrease myocardial oxygen demand by reducing preload and afterload. In the last 20 years it has been established that unstable angina and possibly silent ischemia at rest are often due to platelet aggregates forming in stenosed coronary arteries. This pla...

Previously, we have reported that the coronary reactive hyperemic response was reduced in adenosine A2A receptor-null (A2AAR?/?) mice, and it reversed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor. However, is unknown aortic vascular response, therefore, hypothesized A2AAR-gene deletion mice affects adenosine-induced increase sEH A1 receptor (A1AR) activities. A2AAR?/? showed an sEH, AI AR CYP45...

background: enhanced external counterpulsation (eecp) is a noninvasive technique used for patients with refractory angina pectoris. there are controversial data on the effectiveness of eecp in improving patients with refractory stable angina. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of eecp for the treatment of patients with refractory angina pectoris. methods: ...