Adrenergic receptor β3 (ADRβ3) is a member of the rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled family. The binding ligand to ADRβ3 activates adenylate cyclase and increases cAMP in cells. highly expressed white brown adipocytes controls key regulatory pathways lipid metabolism. Trp64Arg (W64R) polymorphism associated with early development type 2 diabetes mellitus, lower resting metabolic rate, abdominal o...

Adrenergic receptors are pharmacologically classified into the receptor types 1, 2, 1, 2, and 3. Structural differences and varying affinities in radioligand binding studies lead to a further classification of 1and 2-receptors into subtypes which are termed 1A (formerly 1C), 1B, and 1D (formerly 1AD), and 2AD, 2B, and 2C, respectively. mRNA expression of all but one -adrenergic receptor subtype...

RATIONALE In heart failure, myofilament proteins display abnormal phosphorylation, which contributes to contractile dysfunction. The mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of protein phosphorylation on myofilaments is not clear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand the mechanisms underlying altered phosphorylation of myofilament proteins in heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS We generate...

Black Americans have a reduced hypotensive response to the alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine compared with whites, despite similar central sympathoinhibition. This reduced hypotensive response might be explained by greater postsynaptic vascular alpha2-adrenergic receptor vasoconstrictive response. However, clonidine has a low alpha2/alpha1 selectivity ratio. Therefore, to determine t...

Evidence that leptin regulates bone turnover in part through a central nervous system (CNS)/beta-adrenergic system relay has driven attention towards the potential therapeutic benefits of beta-adrenergic blockade to improve bone mass and strength. beta2- adrenergic receptor-mediated signaling in osteoblasts inhibits bone formation and triggers RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorpti...

BACKGROUND We have recently shown that genetic inactivation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kgamma), the isoform linked to G-protein-coupled receptors, results in increased cardiac contractility with no effect on basal cell size. Signaling via the G-protein-coupled beta-adrenergic receptors has been implicated in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, suggesting that PI3Kgamma might play...

Background—We have recently shown that genetic inactivation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K ), the isoform linked to G-protein–coupled receptors, results in increased cardiac contractility with no effect on basal cell size. Signaling via the G-protein–coupled -adrenergic receptors has been implicated in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, suggesting that PI3K might play a role in the path...

Sympathetic nerves may play a role in vascular disorders of the eye. In the present study, we hypothesized that activation of beta3-adrenergic receptors on retinal endothelial cells would promote migration and proliferation of these cells, two markers of an angiogenic phenotype. We show, for the first time, expression of beta3-adrenergic receptors on cultured retinal endothelial cells. Activati...

Heart failure (HF) is a common endpoint for many forms of cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The development of end-stage HF often involves an initial insult to the myocardium that reduces cardiac output and leads to a compensatory increase in sympathetic nervous system activity. Acutely, the sympathetic hyperactivity through the activation of beta-adrene...

PURPOSE Retinal injury induces Müller cell dedifferentiation by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Stimulation of α2-adrenergic receptors protects against injury but also activates ERK in Müller cells. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of α2-adrenergic signaling on injury-induced ERK and Müller cell dedifferentiation. We tested the hypothesis that α...