conclusions phoma glomerata pg41 strain sharing natural substrate with toxigenic a. flavus secretes metabolites possessing a significant aflatoxin-degrading activity. the activity is associated mainly with a protein-enriched high-molecular-weight fraction of extracellular metabolites and appears to be of enzymatic origin. results the afb1-degrading activity of protein-enriched fractions, isolat...

background: aflatoxin contamination of food and feed stuff is a serious health problem and significant economic concerns. in the present study, the inhibitory effect of candida parapsilosis ip1698 on mycelial growth and aflatoxin production in aflatoxigenic strains of aspergillus species was investigated. methods: mycelial growth inhibitions of nine strains of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigeni...

A cohort of 18,244 mostly middle-aged (45-64 years) men residing in four small geographically defined areas of Shanghai was accrued between January 1986 and September 1989. In addition to an in-person interview regarding dietary and other past exposures, each subject donated a single void urine sample at recruitment so that the presence of aflatoxins in urine could be assessed. In addition, a 1...

Urinary excretion of 8,9-dihydro-8-(7'-guanyl)-9-hydroxyaflatoxin (AFB-Gua) was studied in areas of different liver cancer incidence in Kenya. Of 983 urine samples analysed for AFB-Gua by high-performance liquid chromatography, 12.6% gave positive results. The chemical identity of AFB-Gua was verified by synchronous scanning fluorescence spectrophotometry. A moderate degree of correlation betwe...

Two activities involved in terminal pathway conversion of sterigmatocystin to aflatoxin B1 were isolated from an aflatoxin-nonproducing mutant of Aspergillus parasiticus (avn-1), and the time course of appearance of the activities in culture was determined. Subcellular fractionation of fungal mycelia resolved the two activities into a postmicrosomal activity which catalyzed conversion of sterig...

Administration of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to rats resulted in the urinary excretion of 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxyaflatoxin B1. This is the major product formed by the interaction in vivo of AFB1 with rat liver nucleic acids. The adduct was isolated from urine by the combined use of preparative and analytical high-pressure liquid chromatography and was quantitated by measurement of absorban...

A study of the effect in rats of dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) on hepatocarcinogenesis that is initated by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). In the first experiment, Buffalo rats were given a single oral dose of AFB1 (5 mg/kg) followed by dietary DDT (100 ppm) for 20 weeks. Neoplastic nodules were observed in 1 of the 14 AFB1-exposed rats, compared with 3 of the 19 rats in the AFB1/DDT group. In th...

Single intramuscular injections of aflatoxin B1 into the tail muscle of Penaeus stylirostris produced 24- and 96-h median lethal doses of 100.5 (78.3 to 129.0) and 49.5 (29.8 to 82.3) mg/kg, respectively. A toxicity curve showed no threshold at the levels tested. The mortality response in a feeding study with P. vannamei was not dose dependent, but tissue and organ damage were similar to that s...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and represents the third cause of mortality among deaths from cancer (Semela & Heim, 2011; EI-Serag & Rudolph, 2007; Yuen et al, 2009; Lodato et al, 2006; Hainaut & Boyle, 2008). There are upwards of 600, 000 new cases each year in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where populations suffer both from a high prevalence of hepatit...