Like other developing countries, infrastructure development is a major concern for the Afghanistan government. Since Public-private partnerships. In Afghanistan, public-private partnership considered an appropriate alternative to traditional procurement method development. Partnering with private sector investors enables public bridge financial gap and utilize skills technology. This research a...

China’s historical relationship with Afghanistan is marked by three periods: estrangement during the Cold War (1955–1990), rising concern Uighur terrorism emanating from (1991–2000), and evolving activism in Afghan affairs following US invasion (2001–2020). Since withdrawal of forces August 2021, Beijing has formed a new, five-pronged engagement policy toward Afghanistan: pragmatically cautious...