This paper develops a new metric to measure revisions to subjective expectations and proposes a survey design strategy that enables the estimation of the metric. As an application, I analyze how women update their expectations about the e¤ectiveness of contraception methods. The women interviewed exhibit substantial heterogeneity in the way they revise their expectations with receipt of the sam...

It is very uncommon for manuscripts submitted to peer-reviewed journals to be accepted directly, without a request for revision. Most submitted manuscripts go through a meticulous review process by several reviewers who are experts in the given subject; these reviewers may request major or minor revisions or even reject the manuscript. The revision of a manuscript is a crucial step in the publi...

A realistic model for natural language generation must account for overt revisions of the syntactic structure (self-corrections) as well as covert revisions (backtracking on syntactic options). This paper presents the preliminaries of a hybrid architecture for grammatical encoding (the ‘tactical’ phase in sentence generation) which allows such revisions. This architecture combines the concept o...

After more than 20 years of a critical shortage in special education teachers, this mid-Atlantic state expedited program development for undergraduate-level teacher preparation programs. To meet the accelerated timeline, one programat large public university used its graduate-level coursework as model undergraduate level program. initial implementation, it was clear that revisions were necessar...