backgrounds soil is the first habitat for pathogenic fungi and one of the important fungal reservoirs. the soil-borne fungi are major cause for different degrees of allergy or serious diseases in human beings. objectives this current study aimed to determine the identities and diversity of the fungi associated with allergy, subcutaneous and even systemic fungal infections in an extensive region...

1. In the conventional view of soil carbon (C) cycling, mycorrhizal fungi are primarily considered vectors for plant C input to soils. However, there is accumulating evidence that mycorrhizal fungi may also contribute to the direct loss of soil C by acting as decomposers, that is by producing extracellular lytic enzymes and metabolizing soil C. 2. Most of the evidence that mycorrhizal fungi can...

Self-produced mutagens in culture by fungi may affect DNA analysis of the same fungi. This has not been considered previously. Many fungi produce numerous mutagenic secondary metabolites (SM) in culture. There is a paradox of growing fungi in media to produce representative DNA which also support mutagenic SM. This is a crucial issue in developing diagnostic and phylogenetic methods, especially...

Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiosis between plants and fungi localized in roots or root like structures in which energy moves primarily from plants to fungi and inorganic resources move from fungi to plants. Mycorrhizal fungi may play important roles in nature. Findings of many researches are helpful in understanding the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the structure and functioning of ecosystems...

Fungi in soil play pivotal roles in nutrient cycling, pest controls, and plant community succession in terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the ecosystem functions provided by soil fungi, our knowledge of the assembly processes of belowground fungi has been limited. In particular, we still have limited knowledge of how diverse functional groups of fungi interact with each other in facilitative and c...

This paper reviews the potential of marine fungi in biotechnology. The unique physico-chemical properties of the marine environment are likely to have conferred marine fungi with special physiological adaptations that could be exploited in biotechnology. The emphasis of this review is on marine fungi from a few unique ecological habitats and their potential in biotechnological applications. The...

How soil fungi function in soil carbon and nutrient cycling is not well understood by using fungal enzymatic differences and their interactions with soil colloids. Eight extracellular enzymes, EEAs (chitinase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, protease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, laccase, and guaiacol oxidase) secreted by ten fungi were compared, and then the fungi that showed ...

Fungi are important components of every ecosystem. In nature, they play a significant role as decomposers, decomposing organic matter into simple compounds available for plants. They curious group organisms that attracts more and interest not only among mycologists phytopathologists, but also geneticists, biochemists physiologists. Metabolic products arboreal fungi show multidirectional action,...

The fungi are eukaryotic, unicellular, or multicellular organisms that, because they lack chlorophyll, are dependent upon external food sources. Fungi are ubiquitous in all environments and play a vital role in the Earth's ecology by decomposing organic matter. Familiar fungi include yeasts, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket fungi. Many species of fungi live as commensal organisms...

Subtilases belong to a superfamily of serine proteases which are ubiquitous in fungi and are suspected to have developed distinct functional properties to help fungi adapt to different ecological niches. In this study, we conducted a large-scale phylogenomic survey of subtilase protease genes in 83 whole genome sequenced fungal species in order to identify the evolutionary patterns and subseque...