Bawang Dayak is one of the typical plants Borneo which efficacious as traditional medicine. Empirically knows to have properties for skin diseases such acne. This study aimed determine differences in physical anti-acne cream (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) bulb ethanol extract on day 0 and 7 its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis with Disc Diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) metho...

Compound action potentials were recorded from rat olfactory receptor neuron axons at measured distances from the stimulation electrode along the lateral surface of the main olfactory bulb. Distances were plotted as a function of the latencies measured from stimulus onset to the prominent negative trough of the triphasic compound action potential. A straight line was fitted to these data to calc...

Previous studies demonstrating olfactory interneuron involvement in olfactory discrimination and decreased proliferation in the forebrain subventricular zone with age led us to ask whether olfactory neurogenesis and, consequently, olfactory discrimination were impaired in aged mice. Pulse labeling showed that aged mice (24 months of age) had fewer new interneurons in the olfactory bulb than did...

Caspases are essential in multicellular organisms for inducing cell death during normal development and in the immune system. However, caspases can also trigger the degenerative process under certain conditions such as pathophysiological conditions and aging. Here, we identified Semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) as a novel substrate for caspase-9 that can be used to monitor caspase-9 activity in mice, and...

How olfactory sensory neurons converge on spatially invariant glomeruli in the olfactory bulb is largely unknown. In one model, olfactory sensory neurons interact with spatially restricted guidance cues in the bulb that orient and guide them to their target. Identifying differentially expressed molecules in the olfactory bulb has been extremely difficult, however, hindering a molecular analysis...

in this research seed of twelve population of iranian onion were gathered from different part of country (horand ahar, germez rey, goligesa zanjan, germez azarshahr, sefid kashan, zard neishabur, sefid gom, dorche esfahan, sefid neishabur, germez neishabur, sefid fathabad, es hag abad neishabur). the experiment was factorial based on a randomized complete block design (rcbd) was conducted in ag...

While there is evidence that feedback projections from cortical and neuromodulatory structures to the olfactory bulb are crucial for maintaining the oscillatory dynamics of olfactory bulb processing, it is not clear how changes in dynamics are related to odor perception. Using electrical lesions of the olfactory peduncle, sparing output from the olfactory bulb while decreasing feedback inputs t...

Zinc ions are selectively accumulated in certain neurons (zinc-enriched neurons). The mouse olfactory bulb is richly innervated by zinc-enriched terminals. Here, the plasticity of the zincergic system was studied in the olfactory bulb of the Purkinje Cell Degeneration mutant mouse, an animal with specific postnatal neurodegeneration of the main projection neurons of the olfactory bulb. The anal...

one of the most effective ways to propagate lilium is by using tissue culture techniques, preferably through bulblet production. in addition to the surviving percentage of lilium bulbs after transplantation, the small size of in vitro bulblets compared to commercial bulbs and bulblets‟ dormancy are the most important constraints to commercializing lilium micropropagation. different concentratio...