Traditional woodland management created a mosaic of differently aged patches providing favorable conditions for a variety of arthropods. After abandonment of historical ownership patterns and traditional management and the deliberate transformation to high forest after World War II, large forest areas became darker and more homogeneous. This had significant negative consequences for biodiversit...

We study the temporal pattern of selected respiratory diseases and the influence of specific weather parameters on their morbidity in two eco-climatic zones in Nigeria for the period 19962006. Out of 2,056 and 2,647 cases of respiratory diseases (bronchial asthma, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia, bronchiolitis, cardiac asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, sinusitis, tonsillitis and upper respirato...

conservation of biodiversity in protected areas will be more challenging if local communities are heavily dependent on them for various products and subsistence needs. this study estimated forest dependency and identified factors influencing dependency for households living around kasane forest reserve (kfr). data collected from 237 households were analyzed using logistic regression model. logi...

forests as a renewable source has effective and useful role in economic and social activities of society. network of forest roads as infrastructure division’s forest planning units (compartments) of forest management plans, management, logging, exit of wood and plays a major role forest protection. aim of this study, designed forest road network according to multi-purpose forestry using the net...

New methods for evaluating structural properties of stands and individual tree mortality within forests are needed to enhance biodiversity assessment in forest inventories. One approach is to assess the degree of naturalness in a forest. We assessed forest naturalness by examining patterns and causes of mortality and deadwood amount and spatial distribution as indicators of naturalness, or degr...

abstract background: administration of quality care in the aged people requires having a positive attitude toward them. numerous factors including nurses’ personality characteristics may play a role in their attitude toward the aged people. therefore, the present study investigated the association between nurses’ personality characteristics and their attitude toward the aged people. materials a...

the aim of this research was to measure the relative efficiency of forest management plans in north of iran. in order to fulfill the research, data of 12 forest management plans were collected from the financial balance sheets of shafaroud forest company during a ten years period. first of all, basic data envelopment analysis (dea) models (bcc and ccr) were used to determine the efficiency. the...

one of the indicators of management and sustainability control of forest resources is the definition deforestation and degradation types. these factors hazard quantitative and qualitative of the iranian forests. in this study with integrated approach, different forms of forest degradation identified in the forest areas with a reviews of library resources and then investigation the degree of sta...

To model discriminative, i.e. competition induced, self-thinning in even-aged forest stands a concept has been explored that discriminative mortality alters spatial arrangement of trees which in turn alters the mortality. Function of density was suggested to be a balance of initial density minus mortality that was dependent on initial spatial arrangement and mean horizontal size in the forest s...

Composite indices of site moisture and fertility regimes, site variables, and individual tree species were tested for their relationship with site productivity on forest survey plots in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Mew annual basal area increment was significantly associated with the fertility index and site variables including elevation, slope gradient, and stand merchantable size. Four...