After World War II, the large-scale Soviet agricultural production model was spread into the satellite states of CEE (Central and Eastern Europe). In spite of this, planned economic agricultural production was far from homogenous. This diversity – appearing inside and outside the Soviet Union – is worthwhile exploring, here represented by two of the most (in relative terms) productive agricultu...

We live in changing times—it has always been that way. But, now the times are changing more rapidly, dramatically, and unpredictably. The world must accommodate an increasing population that demands greater nutrition per person, better health, and greater energy consumption per person. As the world’s population rises to a predicted level of nearly 10 billion by 2050, most want sustainable growt...

In this paper, we use a newly available panel data set that constitutes a representative sample of rural India over the period 1971-1999 to examine the role of economic change as a source of fertility decline. We first develop a simple dynamic model of fertility choice that incorporates the possibility of cost-of-time effects, a quantity-quality tradeoff, and increased access to health and fami...

The development and marketing of agricultural biotechnology applications has led to controversies over whether and how to regulate this new technology. In response, the European Union has imposed severe restrictions on agricultural biotechnology, particularly in terms of approval and labeling of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food. In stark contrast, the United States maintains a far ...

The Green Revolution in India has achieved self-sufficiency in food production. However, in the state of Haryana this has resulted in continuous environmental degradation, particularly of soil, vegetation and water resources. Soil organic matter levels are declining and the use of chemical inputs is intensifying. Newly introduced crop varieties have been responsive to inputs but this has necess...

561 Singh The British ruled India for more than 200 years, first in the name of the East India Company and then in the name of the British Crown. In the early period, the East India Company’s main interest was to obtain necessary raw materials, such as cotton and jute, for manufacturing finished goods in the United Kingdom, and other commodities, such as tobacco, sugar, indigo, and opium, for t...

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Genetic engineering has many and varied effects on biodiversity, but its likely long-term result will be a decrease in genetic variability of crops and other species. In a narrow sense, the largescale deployment of genetically engineered crops that began in the mid-1990s has increased the genetic diversity of target crops by introducing wholly novel DNA segments (transgenes). When successfully ...