In the field of Arabic sociolinguistics, diglossia has been an interesting linguistic inquiry since it was first discussed by Ferguson in 1959. Since then, diglossia has been discussed, expanded, and revisited by Badawi (1973), Hudson (2002), and Albirini (2016) among others. While the discussion of the Arabic diglossic situation highlights the existence of two separate codes (High and Lo...

Word recognition systems use a lexicon to guide the recognition process in order to improve the recognition rate. However, as the lexicon grows, the computation time increases. In this paper, we present the Arabic word descriptor (AWD) for Arabic word shape indexing and lexicon reduction in handwritten documents. It is formed in two stages. First, the structural descriptor (SD) is computed for ...

â  â  â  â â â  abstract â  hafiz ibrahim is one of the famous egyptian poets who were influenced by sami al-baroodi and ismail saberi in his poetry and in his religious poems by sheikh mohamad abdu's thoughts. these effects are displayed in the fields of veil, charity, consultation, religious reform, jihad, religious leniency and petition . according to hafiz, the problem of society is pe...

Corresponding Author: Suhad A. Yousif Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon Email: [email protected] Abstract: Arabic text classification methods have emerged as a natural result of the existence of a massive amount of varied textual information (written in Arabic language) on the web. In most text classification processes, featu...

the glorious prophetic parables, as part of the islamic parables, contain the expressions so impressive and delightful that indicate the splendid eloquence of the blessed prophet. these parables _ which have strong context, novel concept, and firm style, and originated from a dynamic and profound thought and have many advantages _ indicate that the blessed prophet spoke in perfect eloquence and...

Research & Development in Material Science Fabrication of Ordered and Controlled MoOx 3D-Nanocubes by Anodization Kamran Ahmad1*, AttaUllah Shah2, Muhammad Bilal1, Saira Gulfam1, Rahim Ullah2 Zahoor Ahmad1 1Pakistan Tokamak Plasma Institute (PTPRI), Pakistan 2National Lasers Optronics College (NILOP-C), Engineering Applied Sciences (PIEAS), *Corresponding author: Ahmad, P.O. Box 3329, Islamabad...

Centers of Excellence Center for Advanced Communications (CAC) Dr. Moeness Amin, Director and ECE Professor Dr. Fauzia Ahmad, Research Professor and Director, Radar Imaging Lab Dr. Robert Caverly, ECE Professor Dr. Ahmad Hoorfar, ECE Professor; Director, Antenna Research Laboratory Dr. Bijan G. Mobasseri, ECE Chair and Professor Dr. Sridhar Santhanam, ME Professor Dr. Rosalind Wynne, ECE Associ...