Measurements of air density determined gravimetrically and by using the CIPM-81/91 formula, an equation of state, have a relative deviation of 6.4 × 10−5. This difference is consistent with a new determination of the mole fraction of argon xAr carried out in 2002 by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) and with recently published results from the LNE. The CIPM equation ...

Air trench structure for reduced-size bends in low ( n=0.01-0.1) and medium ( n=0.1-0.3) index contrast waveguides is proposed. Local high index contrast at bends is achieved by introducing air trenches. An air trench bend consists of cladding tapers to avoid junction loss, providing adiabatic mode shaping between low and high index contrast regions. Drastic reduction in effective bend radius i...

Wild city pigeons were caught at four different locations in the Netherlands to represent areas of high (Amsterdam-high), moderate (Amsterdam-medium), and low (Maastricht and Assen) traffic density. It is assumed that local ambient air pollution decreases as a function of traffic density. In these pigeons levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts, oxidative DNA damage, and hea...

In this study, response surface methodology was used for optimization of intermittent microwave-convective air drying (IMWC) parameters with employing desirability function. Optimization factors were air temperature (40-80°C), air velocity (1-2 m/sec), pulse ratio) PR ((2-6), and microwave power (200-600 W) while responses were rehydration ratio, bulk density, total phenol content (TPC), color ...

Two aspects of vorticity associated with cold pools are addressed. First, tilting of horizontal vortex tubes by the updraft at a gust front has been proposed as a means of getting near-ground rotation and hence a tornado. Theory and a numerical simulation are used to show that this mechanism will not work because warm air parcels approaching the gust front decelerate in strong adverse pressure ...

OBJECTIVE A number of studies show an association between traffic-related air pollution and adverse respiratory health effects in children. However, most evidence relates to the regions with low or moderate levels of ambient air pollution. The study was undertaken to assess the impact of traffic-related air pollution on respiratory health status in children living in the area of high levels of ...

To investigate if it is appropriate to apply urine density correction when a urine sample is dense or dilute. Data on hippuric acid (HA-U), toluene (Tol-U), creatinine (CR) and specific gravity (SG) in end-of-shift urine samples and exposure to air-borne toluene were cited from previous publications. In practice, 837 cases were available, and they were classified into dense, intermediate and di...

The purpose was to investigate the effects of artificial cold air on cardiovascular risk in hypertensive subjects. An artificial cold air was simulated with hourly ambient temperature data of a real moderate cold air in China. Twenty-four male SHR rats were randomly divided into the minimum temperature (Tmin) group, the rewarming temperature (Tr) group and two concurrent control groups with six...