BACKGROUND The fermentation of sugars to alcohols by microbial systems underpins many biofuel initiatives. Short chain alcohols, like n-butanol, isobutanol and isopropanol, offer significant advantages over ethanol in terms of fuel attributes. However, production of ethanol from resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains is significantly less complicated than for these alternative alcohols. R...

The effects of two sugar alcohols on feed utilization, digesta retention, gut fermentation and serum lipid profiles were compared in normal and cecectomized rats to examine the possibility of the cecectomized rat as an experimental animal with relevance to humans. Semi-purified diets containing no sugar alcohol, 7% sorbitol or 7% lactitol were fed to normal and cecectomized rats for 16 days. Th...

This review is dedicated to the state-of-the art routes used for synthesis of CO2-based (a)cyclic carbonates and polycarbonates from alcohol substrates, with an emphasis on their respective main advantages limitations. The first section reviews organic such as dialkyl or cyclic carbonation alcohols. Many different synthetic strategies have been reported (dehydrative condensation, alkylation rou...

A selective oxidation of primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes by shaking with chromium trioxide supported on aluminium silicate at room temperature under solvent free conditions is reported. This new procedure can also oxidise secondary alcohols.

The first synthesis of hydroxamic acids from alcohols has been developed. Both benzylic and aliphatic alcohols can be tolerated and applied in this reaction. The methodology is economical, environmentally benign and high yielding.

background: opioid abuse is common in iran. in recent years, methadone maintenance therapy (mmt) has gained popularity in this country. this study aimed at evaluation concurrent abuse of alcohol in patients under mmt. methods: a predesigned questionnaire was developed and completed after obtaining verbal consent among 49 subjects under mmt in kian rehabilitation centre during january 2014. resu...

The mechanism of the calcium-catalyzed coupling alcohols with vinylboronic acids has been analyzed by means density functional theory computations. This study reveals that calcium and boron Lewis associate to form a superelectrophile able promote pericyclic group transfer reaction allyl alcohols. With other alcohols, two act synergistically activate OH functionality trigger SNi pathway. These m...

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) type 3 (5-HT(3)) receptors belong to the alcohol-sensitive superfamily of Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels, and they are thought to play an important role in alcoholism. Alcohols with small molecular volumes increase the amplitude of currents evoked by low 5-HT concentrations and shift the 5-HT concentration-response curve for 5-HT(3) receptor activation ...

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are neurotransmitter-gated ion channels and like most such channels, ethanol and longer chain alcohols modulate their activity. In the present studies, the effects of alcohols were characterized on defined combinations of human neuronal nAChR subunits heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Short-chain alcohols, such as ethanol, propanol, and buta...

Glycols and ethoxy– propoxy–alcohols are fundamental chemicals in industry, with annual productions of millions tons, still manufactured many cases corrosive unrecoverable catalysts such as KOH, amines BF3•OEt2. Here we show that commercially available, inexpensive, non–toxic, solid recyclable nanotitania catalyzes the hydration alkoxylation epoxides, water primary secondary alcohols but not ph...