To date, the effect of natural selection on candidate genes underlying complex traits has rarely been studied experimentally, especially under ecologically realistic conditions. Here we report that the effect of selection on the flowering time gene FRIGIDA (FRI) reverses depending on the season of germination and allelic variation at the interacting gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). In field studie...

A latitudinal cline in flowering time in accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana has been widely predicted because the environmental cues that promote flowering vary systematically with latitude, but evidence for such clines has been lacking. Here, we report evidence of a significant latitudinal cline in flowering time among 70 Northern European and Mediterranean ecotypes when grown under ecological...

Herbicides are the major tool for controlling large populations of yield depleting weeds. However, over-reliance on herbicides has resulted in weed adaptation and herbicide resistance. In recent years, early flowering species related to resistance is emerging, which may cause seed loss before crop harvest, creating a new problem non-chemical management. this study, homologue gene AGAMOUS sub-fa...

Abstract Drylands count among the most globally extensive biomes, and while many desert dry rangeland ecosystems are under threat, genetic structures of dryland species still rarely studied. Artemisia frigida is one widely distributed plant in temperate rangelands Eurasia North America, it also dominates habitats Mongolia due to its tolerance low temperatures, drought disturbance. Local environ...

Background: Pressure lesions are chronic wounds causing the development of infection and inflammation into deeper structures finally necrosis. In Persian medicine, Alkanna orientalis (Boraginaceae) has been used for centuries as a naturally derived remedy managing lesions. A cross-sectional pilot clinical trial was conducted to assess wound healing effect an ointment made chloroform extract roo...