Langford studies the long tradition of allegorical expression in Persian culture and demonstrates that Iranian filmmakers who use it are not only motivated by constraints censorship, contrary to what has often been argued: allegory is an integral part their aesthetics. Through powerful readings films iconic directors from both pre post-revolution period, shows a tool for expression, sometimes c...

Nurse Ratched or 'Big Nurse' in Ken Kesey's counter-culture novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is one of popular culture's most arresting and memorable images of the nurse. She is, however, deemed to be remarkable primarily for her malice and authoritarianism. This paper argues that such a purely realist reading fails to fully appreciate the significance of the character of Nurse Ratched. A ...

I. THE TRADITION OF ALLEGORICAL INTERPRETATION The history of parabolic interpretation can be divided into four relatively distinct periods. During the Period of the Early Church (to 540) a tendency toward allegorical interpretation was firmly established. Despite certain protests the three-fold method of allegorical interpretation championed by Origen dominated the exegesis not only of the par...