Serum protein electrophoresis (EPG) is commonly requested to aid diagnosis of disorders associated with alterations gamma globulins. In 2022, the RCPAQAP introduced reporting serum fractions, albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, beta-1, beta-2, and gamma, in paraproteins program. A high variation results for certain fractions was noted. We sought review this heterogeneity. Methods: The qualitative ...

Several studies suggest that the innate interferons (IFNs), IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, can act in concert with IFN-gamma to synergistically inhibit the replication of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The significance of this observation is not yet agreed upon in large part because the nature and magnitude of the interaction between IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma is not well d...

Class I human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) consists of several homo- and heterodimers of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits that are governed by the ADH1, ADH2, and ADH3 loci. We previously cloned a full length of cDNA for the beta subunit, and the complete sequence of 374 amino acid residues was established. cDNAs for the alpha and gamma subunits were clone...

Let $\mathcal C_{n}$ be the Catalan monoid on $X_{n}=\{1,\ldots ,n\}$ under its natural order. In this paper, we describe sets of left zero-divisors, right zero-divisors and two sided C_{n}$; their numbers. For $n \geq 4$, define an undirected graph $\Gamma(\mathcal C_{n})$ associated with whose vertices are excluding zero element $\theta$ distinct $\alpha$ $\beta$ joined by edge in case $\alph...

The distribution of protein kinase C (PKC) subspecies and their colocalization with neurotransmitters were examined in the rat striatum and substantia nigra (SN), using immunocytochemistry. The alpha- and beta I-PKC immunoreactivies were seen predominantly in the perikarya of the neurons in the striatum and SN. In contrast, the beta II- and gamma-PKC immunoreactivities were abundant in both the...

Cadherins and catenins, mediators of intercellular interactions, play a major role in adhesion. Changes in their expression and functioning reflect invasive and metastatic properties of cancer cells. The study objective was to assess changes in the expressions of E-cadherin and alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin proteins in pancreatic duct carcinoma in correlation with clinicopathological paramete...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) consists of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. Two isoforms exist for the alpha-subunit (alpha(1) and alpha(2)), two for the beta-subunit (beta(1) and beta(2)), and three for the gamma-subunit (gamma(1), gamma(2), and gamma(3)). Although the specific roles of the beta- and gamma-subunits are not well understood, the alpha-subunit isoforms contain the cat...

Cytokines have been implicated as immunological effector molecules that mediate beta cell destruction associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In this report we demonstrate that the cytokine combination of human recombinant interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) induces the formation of nitric oxide by human islets. ...

Using monoclonal antibodies identifying all gamma/delta and alpha/beta T cell receptors in cytofluorometric analysis, we have compared the composition of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (i-IEL) in euthymic and athymic germ-free (GF) and conventional (SPF) mice. The results show a marked influence of microbial colonization in the numbers of single-positive (CD4+ or CD8+) alpha/beta i-IEL,...

Purified dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels from rabbit transverse-tubule membranes consist of three noncovalently associated classes of subunits: alpha (167 kDa), beta (54 kDa), and gamma (30 kDa). Cleavage of disulfide bonds reveals two distinct alpha polypeptides and an additional component, delta. The alpha 1 subunit, a 175-kDa polypeptide that is not N-glycosylated, contains the di...