Alternative methods to assess ventricular diastolic function in the fetus are proposed. Fetal myocardial hypertrophy in maternal diabetes was used as a model of decreased left ventricular compliance (LVC), and fetal respiratory movements as a model of increased LVC. Comparison of three groups of fetuses showed that, in 10 fetuses of diabetic mothers (FDM) with septal hypertrophy (SH), the mean ...

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is looking to develop alternative navigation means to global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and GPS. While the national airspace (NAS) includes many navigation systems such as distance measuring equipment (DME), VHF omni directional ranging (VOR), or non directional beacon (NDB), they are not capable to supporting the increased capabilities, capaci...

The effect of guessing in multiple choice tests is usually reduced by using a large number of test items and increasing the number of choices per item. The paper addresses the important and practical issue of grading Two-Alternative format tests, that is, decision questions of the true/false type, where the answer is only one of two choices .This format is not only easy to construct, but could ...

introduction: the term dynamic assessment (da) refers to an assessment, by an active teaching process, of a child's perception, learning, thinking, and problem solving. the process is aimed at modifying an individual's cognitive functioning and observing subsequent changes in learning and problem-solving patterns within the testing situation. da has been advocated as an alternative an...

Substantial world-wide resources are being committed to develop improved toxicological testing methods that will contribute to better protection of human health and the environment. The development of new methods is intrinsically driven by new knowledge emanating from fundamental research in toxicology, carcinogenesis, molecular biology, biochemistry, computer sciences, and a host of other disc...

Alternative methods to assess ventricular diastolic function in the fetus are proposed. Fetal myocardial hypertrophy in maternal diabetes was used as a model of decreased left ventricular compliance (LVC), and fetal respiratory movements as a model of increased LVC. Comparison of three groups of fetuses showed that, in 10 fetuses of diabetic mothers (FDM) with septal hypertrophy (SH), the mean ...

The ILSI/HESI Workshop on Alternatives to Carcinogenicity Testing aims to develop and apply new methods for assessment of potential carcinogenic risk to humans from various chemicals. The Workshop represents a major cooperative scientific effort. The long-term goals should be to greatly enhance the efficiency and reliability of such testing and to supplant, not just supplement, lifetime rodent ...

Over the last decade, incredible progress has been made in the development of non-animal tests to assess contact hypersensitivity. Four methods have been successfully validated and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines are available or soon will be. Currently validated methods are useful for hazard identification, classification and labeling. However, to achie...

A set of guiding principles is stated for the development of standards for representing student educational assessment information. Unlike traditional academic transcripts, the items in portfolios, subjective written evaluations, self-assessments, and computer-based records of activity are complex representations of student achievement, involvement, or inclinations. Even more so than traditiona...