Cardiovascular mortality is the leading cause of death in the uremic patient. Hyperphosphatemia is considered an independent risk factor associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. As phosphate control is not efficient with diet or dialysis, phosphate binders are commonly prescribed in patients with chronic renal failure. Aluminum salts, the first phosphate bind...

Thimerosal, which is approximately 50% mercury by weight is a preservative widely used in vaccines since the 1930's. It meets the requirements for a preservative as set forth by Pharmacopeia challenge test and has been shown to be effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. In July 1999, the Public Health Service agencies and vaccine manufacturers agreed that thimerosal should be reduced o...

Effluents with high silica content can exceed the discharge limits and/or limit the application of reuse treatments based on reverse osmosis membranes. In these cases, silica removal is usually carried out in the effluent by coagulation. In this work, silica is removed from process waters in dissolved air flotation (DAF) units used as internal treatments. It is hypothesized that the presence of...

Aluminum salts have demonstrated activity against oral bacteria and also have shown indications of inhibiting plaque and gingivitis. The aims of this clinical trial were to determine the effects of daily supervised rinsing with a specially formulated, alum-containing mouthrinse on existing plaque and gingivitis in children and to monitor its effect on the oral tissues and its acceptability to s...

Truly environmentally friendly means of detoxifying chemical warfare agents have yet to be developed. Toward this end, Soman (GD), VX and agent simulants were treated with aqueous aluminum sulfate (alum), sodium aluminate, or mixtures of the two. The mixtures were prepared by combining varying volumes of the aqueous salts to give buffered solutions (pH 2-12). Reactions were tracked using phosph...

Inorganic aluminum or iron salts have been used for many decades to coagulate colloidal particles in surface water prior to flocculation, sedimentation and/or filtration. Although effective, inorganic coagulants have several disadvantages including large chemical dosages required for treating eutrophic waters, large volumes of chemical sludge produced, and toxic effects of metallic coagulants o...

This paper describes a simple and low-cost fabrication method for multi-functional nanostructures with outstanding anti-reflective and super-hydrophobic properties. Our method employed phase separation of a metal salt-polymer nanocomposite film that leads to nanoisland formation after etching away the polymer matrix, and the metal salt island can then be utilized as a hard mask for dry etching ...