The accommodative response (AR) to changes in dioptric accommodative stimulus (AS) during the latency period and onset of accommodation was investigated. Participants monocularly observed one period of a square wave in AS, with a 2-D baseline and mean, and amplitude 1 D or 2 D; the period of the square wave ranged from 0.10 s to 1.00 s; both increases and decreases were used for the first step ...

PURPOSE To explore the attachments of the posterior zonule and vitreous in relation to accommodation and presbyopia in monkeys and humans. METHODS Novel scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) techniques were used to visualize the anterior, intermediate, and posterior vitreous zonule and their connections to the ciliary body, vitreous membrane, lens capsule, and ...

PURPOSE To measure accommodation subjectively and objectively in a satisfied bilateral scleral expansion band patient. SETTING University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, Texas, USA. METHODS One bilateral scleral expansion patient (age 50 years), 9 age-matched normal presbyopic control subjects (age range 48 to 52 years), and 1 normal control subject (age 27 years) participated. T...

PURPOSE Ethnic variations in accommodative amplitude (AA) are not uncommon. Accommodation can become reduced in response to short-term wear of first near spectacles. Whether ethnicity has an influence on the magnitude of this adaptation is not well understood. We investigated the impact of first near spectacles on changes in AA and on convergence cross-link interactions in incipient presbyopes ...

introduction: the low regeneration of bone in defective bones causes therapeutic problems. various strategies to assess the healing of bone defects have been used which they include histological and histo-chemical analysis in an invasive study. the purpose of this study was to determine the ultrasonic parameters of bone as a promising noninvasive technology for assessing bone repair process. ma...

Rodents commonly exhibit age-related impairments in spatial learning tasks, deficits widely thought to reflect cellular or synaptic dysfunction in the hippocampus. Using whole-cell recordings, we examined the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) in CA1 pyramidal cells in hippocampal slices from young (4-6 months of age) and aged (24-26 months of age) Fisher 344 male rats that had been behaviorally char...

BACKGROUND The use of plus lenses to compensate for the reduction in the range of accommodation associated with presbyopia, brings the near point of accommodation to a comfortable distance for near visual tasks. Our aim was to compare the tentative near addition determined using the most common procedures with the final addition prescribed in presbyopic patients. METHODS Sixty-nine healthy su...

purpose: to study the prevalence and characteristics of accommodative esotropia (aet). methods: in a descriptive analytic study records of all patients referred from 1383 to 1388 to the strabismus clinic at nikookari eye center were reviewed and demographic data such as age, gender, refractive error, type of aet, mean deviation and amblyopia were analyzed. results: a total of 2,146 patients wer...

Accommodation of the stomach consists of a vagally mediated relaxation of the proximal stomach, providing the meal with a reservoir. Our aim was to study whether, similar to other vagally mediated processes, the accommodation reflex is also determined by cephalic, oropharyngeal, gastric, and intestinal phases. Eleven healthy subjects underwent in randomized order five gastric barostat studies a...