The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis assumes that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and income per capita. In other words, as a country grows, it is assumed that its environmental quality improves. In this study, we aim to test the EKC hypothesis for 12 Middle East countries during the period 1990–2008 by employing recently developed panel ...

Does population follow the same inverted-U pattern of concentration/dispersion that has been found in the case of economic activity in the long run? In this paper we present the evidence for eight European countries during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and find that, contrary to the inverted-U hypothesis, population has shown a steady, long-run trend towards concentration. After that, ...

This paper investigates under what conditions knowledge available to team members leads to positive performance outcomes. We surmise that mutual knowledge that enables the team members to coordinate their work efforts is beneficial for team performance up to a limit after which excess mutual knowledge causes a decline in performance. We further suggest that the inverted U relation between mutua...

The proliferation of counterfeit luxury goods poses a great threat to the sustainable development industry; it also disturbs order economic development, causes aggravation environmental pollution, and is contrary principle global development. How effectively weaken consumers’ willingness buy products has become focal issue. This research explores impact value consciousness, social risk percepti...

This paper investigates the characteristics of the higher moment risks of option returns, namely beta and coskewness. Under mild assumptions, the investors’ decreasing absolute risk aversion can result in a U-shaped pattern (a beta smile) for put option betas, though call option betas are always nondecreasing in the strike price. The coskewness for call options can be an inverted U-shape when t...

BACKGROUND The frequent outbreak of environmental threats in China has resulted in increased criticism regarding the health effects of China's urbanization. Urbanization is a double-edged sword with regard to health in China. Although great efforts have been made to investigate the mechanisms through which urbanization influences health, the effect of both economic development and urbanization ...

With economic development, air pollution is becoming increasingly serious, which affects the sustainable development of global economy. In order to explore policy measures curb pollution, this paper selects data from 30 regions in China and explores their impact studies on perspectives environmental regulation foreign direct investment using a systematic GMM model. Then, threshold effect model ...