Annett's right-shift theory proposes that human cerebral dominance (the functional and anatomical asymmetry or torque along the antero-posterior axis) and handedness are determined by a single "right-shift" gene. Familial transmission of handedness and specific deviations of cerebral dominance in sex chromosome aneuploidies implicate a locus within an X-Y homologous region of the sex chromosome...

Safety and comfort are primary concerns in rehabilitation devices and exoskeletons. However, the result of using simplified kinematic arrangements can be discomfort, or even injury, as a result of overconstraining the joint. In this paper, we describe a selfadjusting mechanism able to overcome misalignment between the rotational axis of the mechanism that is attached to the user’s limbs and the...

In the mouse olfactory system, the anatomical locations of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) roughly correlate with their axonal projection sites along the dorsal-ventral (D-V) axis of the olfactory bulb (OB). Here we report that an axon guidance receptor, Neuropilin-2 (Nrp2), and its repulsive ligand, Semaphorin-3F (Sema3F), are expressed by OSNs in a complementary manner that is important for ...

1. The brains of chick embryos, of cats six weeks old, of rabbits two months old, and of dogs three weeks old, when cultivated in vitro, develop long filaments which, according to their growth and their anatomical and tinctorial characters, must be considered as true axis cylinders. 2. Similar structures develop from spinal ganglia of rabbits seven months old, and from the spinal cord of cats s...

The organ of Corti harbors highly specialized sensory hair cells and surrounding supporting cells that are essential for the sense of hearing. Here, we report a single cell gene expression data analysis and visualization strategy that allows for the construction of a quantitative spatial map of the neonatal organ of Corti along its major anatomical axes. The map displays gene expression levels ...

INTRODUCTION Several clinical applications rely on the accurate estimation and description of the proximal aspect of the femur in order to obtain satisfactory results. The femoral neck axis is usually defined as a straight line connected between the femoral head center and the mean point of middle part of the neck. These two anatomical landmarks (ALs) are not directly accessible by palpation. T...

Navigation was the most significant advance in instrumentation for total knee arthroplasty over the last decade. It provides surgeons with a precision tool for carrying out surgery, with the possibility of intraoperative simulation and objective control over various anatomical and surgical parameters and references. Since the first systems, which were basically used to control the alignment of ...

introduction: medical undergraduates usually understand and memorize anatomical course material with difficulty. also, the current text books and atlases of anatomy and histology do not fulfill all the learning needs of the undergraduates. therefore, it is necessary to consider the role of internet websites and computer programs (i.e. the role of electronic learning) in teaching. the present re...

absracta rare variant of ansa cervicalis was discovered during dissection of the neck in amale cadaver. the superior root of the ansa cervicalis was formed by the c1 ventralramus. it accompanied with the vagus nerve in place of the hypoglossal nerve and descendedinto the carotid sheath with it. moreover the c1 ventral ramus formed fromthe sheath and joined the inferior root from c2 and c3 ventr...

The joint coordinates systems (JCS) of the hip, knee, and ankle have been extensively described [1, 2, 3]. The principle is to embed a flexion-extension (FE) axis in the proximal segment and an internalexternal rotation (IER) (or adduction-abduction (AA)) axis in the distal segment, following anatomical or functional directions. For the joint displacements, the origins of the proximal and dista...