The imposition of laboratory cost containment, often from external forces, dictates the necessity to develop strategies to meet laboratory cost savings. In addition, the national and worldwide shortage of anatomical pathologists makes it imperative to examine our current practice and laboratory set-ups. Some of the strategies employed in other areas of pathology and laboratory medicine include ...

urtica dioica l. is an iranian native pharmacological plant for which little attention has been paid to the anatomical structure. medical applications of this plant include diabetes therapy, digestive improvement, anemia and kidney disease therapy. because climatic conditions can affect the anatomical structure which in turn affects pharmacological compositions, research on the anatomy of this ...

case presentation a 30-year-old male patient with a history of severe, throbbing, constant pain in the lower mandibular molars was referred to the department of endodontics of hamedan dental university. the patient’s medical history was noncontributory. the buccal object rule (same-lingual opposite-buccal technique) confirmed the additional root as a distolingual root (radix entomolaris). follo...

abstract. natural populations of carpinus orientalis mill. shrub lands occur mainly in high and middle altitudes of the hyrcanian forests, n. iran, particularly on steep rocks and forest outcrops. there are some discrepancies on the intra-specific delimitation of this important woody species. the aim of the current study was to examine the anatomical variation of stems and leaves of sixteen pop...

Two patients with lipoid proteinosis are reported in whom paranoid symptoms were the presenting feature. Both had a long standing impairment of memory and bilateral medial temporal lobe calcification demonstrated by CT scan. Possible associations between the anatomical site of these lesions and the neuropsychiatric manifestations are discussed.

osteoblastoma is a rare benign, but locally aggressive bone tumor with rare malignant transformation. it mostly affects the vertebral column and long bones. radiographically, it is seen as an expansile, oval, sclerotic or lytic mass-like lesion with well-defined borders, although sometimes it may mimic a malignant tumor such as osteogenic sarcoma by its irregular borders. herein, we report a ca...

Cancer pain is not a single entity. It incorporates a range of aetiological, pathophysiological and anatomical subtypes, all requiring unique descriptive terminology, assessment techniques and treatment modalities. The tumour itself can press on bones, nerves and other organs. Chemotherapy drugs can cause pain at the site of administration or limb paraesthesia. Radiotherapy can cause skin eryth...

A case of a 96 year old woman with an incarcerated gallbladder in an epigastric hernia causing acute acalculous cholecystitis is described. At operation the gallbladder was replaced in its anatomical site and the hernia was repaired. This unique case of acute acalculous cholecystitis demonstrates cystic duct obstruction and cystic vessel compression as possible aetiologies for this pathology.

This study identifies two distinct conceptualizations of interactivity in the communication literature—the functional view and the contingency view. Although the functional view has predominated academic research on interactivity, this study operationalizes the contingency view in the context of an experiment designed to investigate the impression formation effects of interactivity in Web-based...

A single coronary artery is a very rare condition, commonly associated with other congenital anomalies. It could be generally considered as neither benign nor malignant form of anomalies since its pathophysiological and clinical implications grossly depend on different anatomical patterns defined by the site origin distribution branches. By presenting patient who underwent successful bypass gra...