: The effective dynamic viscosity was measured in the graphite water-based nanofluids. The shear thinning non-Newtonian behavior is observed in the measurement. On the basis of the best fitting of the experimental data, the viscosity at zero shear rate or at infinite shear rate is determined for each of the fluids. It is found that increases of the particle volume concentration and the holding ...

We present a PDE model for dilute suspensions of swimming bacteria in a three-dimensional Stokesian fluid. This model is used to calculate the statistically-stationary bulk deviatoric stress and effective viscosity of the suspension from the microscopic details of the interaction of an elongated body with the background flow. A bacterium is modeled as an impenetrable prolate spheroid with self-...

In this paper a new equation for calculating the nanofluid viscosity by considering the Brownian motion of nanoparticles is introduced. The relative velocity between the base fluid and nanoparticles has been taken into account. This equation presents the nanofluid viscosity as a function of the temperature, the mean nanoparticle diameter, the nanoparticle volume fraction, the nanoparticle densi...

Suspensions of self-propelled particles are studied in the framework of two-dimensional (2D) Stokesean hydrodynamics. A formula is obtained for the effective viscosity of such suspensions in the limit of small concentrations. This formula includes the two terms that are found in the 2D version of Einstein's classical result for passive suspensions. To this, the main result of the paper is added...

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Effective viscosity (EV) of suspensions of puller-like microswimmers (pullers), for example Chlamydamonas algae, is difficult to measure or simulate for all swimmer concentrations. Although there are good reasons to expect that the EV of pullers is similar to that of passive suspensions, analytical determination of the passive EV for all concentrations remains unsatisfactory. At the same time, ...

A major problem confronting the understanding of tidal evolution of close solar-type binaries is the inefficiency of the turbulent convection. The value of the effective viscosity estimated, in the framework of the mixing length theory (MLT), implies circularization timescales which are almost two orders of magnitude longer than observed. Moreover, the reduction of the effective viscosity due t...

In this paper we derive high-order asymptotic expansions of the effective viscosity properties of a dilute periodic suspension composed of freely-suspended arbitrarily shaped particles dispersed in an incompressible Newtonian fluid. High-order terms are not only function of the viscous moment tensor but also of a distortion tensor that characterizes the periodic array. Mathematics subject class...