—Ectomycorrhizal colonization and rooting characteristics were quantified in a mature ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) stand in the western Sierra Nevada. Root length totaled 3835.9 m ⋅ m–2 of forest floor surface area, with 96% consisting of the fine-root fraction. Total root dry weight and volume were 2230.4 g ⋅ m–2 and 5807.4 cm3 ⋅ m–2 of forest floor area, respectively, with...

This study aims to examine the ability of free floating aquatic plants to remove phosphorus and to predict the reduction of phosphorus from rice mill wastewater using soft computing techniques. A mesocosm study was conducted at the mill premises under normal conditions, and reliable results were obtained. Four aquatic plants, namely water hyacinth, water lettuce, salvinia, and duckweed were use...

栃木県の環境税等を用いて下刈り管理が再開された雑木林において，林床の木本植物の種多様性を調査した。10年継続管理区，5年前管理区，20年放置区を設け，10 m2の調査区各8箇所で種毎の個体数と樹高を計測した。その結果，47種，計3,947個体の生育を確認した。下刈りが再開された10年継続管理区，5年前管理区では，ヤマツツジ，ウリカエデが個体数で優占し，それらは低い樹高階層に集中して生育していた。下刈りの継続に伴い，これらの種は矮性状態となり，多数の萌芽により生残すると考えられた。管理強度に伴って種数及び個体数は有意に増加し，特に10年継続管理区では平均360個体/10 m2と高い密度を示した。下刈りの再開で，多様度指数は20年放置区に対して有意に増加した。しかし，下刈りを1回実施した5年前管理区に対しては，下刈りを継続した10年継続管理区の指数値の増加は認められなかった。アズマネザサ...

Northern peatlands store globally significant amounts of soil carbon that could be released to the atmosphere under drier conditions induced by climate change. We measured forest floor respiration (RFF) at hummocks and hollows in a treed boreal bog in Alberta, Canada and partitioned the flux into aboveground forest floor autotrophic, belowground forest floor autotrophic, belowground tree respir...

Emissions of various C2-C10 hydrocarbons (VOCs) and halogenated hydrocarbons (VHOCs) from a boreal wetland and a Scots pine forest floor in south-western Finland were measured by the static chamber technique. Isoprene was the main non-methane hydrocarbon emitted by the wetland, but small emissions of ethene, propane, propene, 1-butene, 2-methylpropene, butane, pentane and hexane were also detec...

Tree trunks are important links between the forest floor and canopy, especially for flightless invertebrates that move from the forest floor to feed or breed in the canopy. Traps were used to sample invertebrates moving up and down on mahoe (Melicytus ramiflorus), hinau (Elaeocarpus dentatus), hard beech (Nothofagus truncata), and kamahi (Weinmannia racemosa). In 19 months 22 696 invertebrates ...

In hydrological models, evaporation from interception is often disregarded, combined with transpiration, or taken as a fixed percentage of rainfall. In general interception is not considered to be a significant process in rainfallrunoff modelling. However, it appears that on average interception can amount to 20–50% of the precipitation. Therefore, knowledge about the process of interception is...

This study aims to examine the ability of free floating aquatic plants to remove phosphorus and to predict the reduction of phosphorus from rice mill wastewater using soft computing techniques. A mesocosm study was conducted at the mill premises under normal conditions, and reliable results were obtained. Four aquatic plants, namely water hyacinth, water lettuce, salvinia, and duckweed were use...

Partially stratified (11 days) southern red oak (Quercus @cam Michx.) acorns were placed at three depths in a reconstructed forest floor and subjected to simulated prescribed winter bums. Within the forest floor, acorns were placed within the L layer, at the upper-F/ lower-F interface, and at the lower-F/mineral-soil interface. Winds for a backfire and headfire were generated by electric box-fa...

Future rates of anthropogenic N deposition can slow the cycling and enhance the storage of C in forest ecosystems. In a northern hardwood forest ecosystem, experimental N deposition has decreased the extent of forest floor decay, leading to increased soil C storage. To better understand the microbial mechanisms mediating this response, we examined the functional genes derived from communities o...