Water and debris fl ows exiting confi ned valleys have a tendency to deposit sediment on steep fans. On alluvial fans where water transport of gravel predominates, channel slopes tend to decrease downfan from ~0.10–0.04 to ~0.01 across wide ranges of climate and tectonism. Some have argued that this pattern refl ects grain-size fi ning downfan such that higher threshold slopes are required just...

During waning flood flows in gravel-bed streams, finegrained bedload sediment (sand and fine gravel) is commonly winnowed from zones of high shear stress, such as riffles, and deposited in pools, where it mantles an underlying coarse layer. As sediment load increases, more fine sediment becomes available to fill pools. The volume of fine sediment in pools can be measured by probing with a metal...

To the Editor of the " Indian Medical Gazette." Sir,?After my long experience of the Uric Acid Diathesis, I am sorry I have to assert that 1 have seldom been able to permanently cure the diseased condition. I have treated hundreds of patients, and on various plans suggested by the most celebrated physicians, but I have seldom met with the desired end. Exercise, abstinence from nitrogenous food,...

Riverbank filtration is an effective process for removing pathogenic viruses from river water. Despite indications that changing hydraulic conditions during floods can affect the efficacy of riverbank filtration to remove viruses, the impact on advection and dispersion of viruses in the riverbank is not well understood. We investigated the effects of fluctuations in river water level on virus t...