processing of minerals and production of metals has increased greatly in recent years. as a result, the quantities of waste material and pollutants have also increased. in many cases technology has changed to cope with the problem. processes have been either modified to decrease emissions, or replaced by others that are less polluting even if at a higher cost. this paper briefly reviews example...

Recently the first chemical systems which show the amplification of enantiomeric excess (ee) was found. Inspired by these experiments, we propose a few chemical reaction models in a closed system. The reactions consist of autocatalytic production of chiral molecules and their decomposition processes. By means of flow diagrams in the phase space of enatiometric concentrations, chiral symmetry br...

The ‘sharing’ of sound recordings over the Internet is the newest controversy in a long running battle between copyright owners and copying technologies. In order to provide some context, perspective and background, this paper examines the short history of file-sharing, the longer history of record sales, various explanations for the change in record sales and some analysis of the economics of ...

The Internet Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical name space that enables the assignment of unique, mnemonic identifiers to Internet hosts and the consistent mapping of these names to IP addresses. The root of the domain name system is the top of the hierarchy and is currently managed by a quasi-private centralized regulatory authority, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numb...

In inclusive decays of the Ψ (3097), electromagnetic and gluonic annihilation amplitudes add incoherently, namely they are 90 out of phase. We argue that this incoherence must persist in each exclusive decay channel. For inclusive Ψ (3686) decays, we suggest the absence of a significant direct annihilation amplitude into three gluons and propose a new amplitude via QCD anomalies and the hc (352...

Background: Today, unfortunately, we are witnessing the expansion of competition in the world over the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction. Weapons of mass destruction are a set of weapons whose use causes widespread destruction and destruction of the environment and large-scale killing and massive human casualties, leaving no distinction between military and civilian and leaving irrepar...