This study investigated the effects of religious education on student religious identity over and above parent religiosity by examining student perceptions of two aspects of teacher functioning: teacher caring and teacher as role-model. We posited that effects of these variables on students' religious identity are mediated by student perceptions that the school provides a non-alienating religio...

since the true understanding of each dialect depends on an understanding of language changes, this paper discusses the historical course of language in egypt and the linguistic features of the egyptian dialect based on historical linguistics. what this paper takes into consideration is the presence of arabic in egypt before the advent of islam and discusses the extent of its impression from the...

The language policy in IOK (Indian occupied Kashmir, i.e. Jammu and Kashmir) has been changed recently a new “five official languages” established. This paper untangles the three steps of change: modifying Constitution, enacting Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 passing Official Languages 2020 reveals root causes change by collecting data from media historical documents. Results show that this a...

objectives: nouns and verbs are the central conceptual linguistic units of language acquisition in all human languages. while the noun-bias hypothesis claims that nouns have a privilege in children’s lexical development across languages, studies on mandarin and korean and other languages have challenged this view. more recent cross-linguistic naming studies on children in german, turkish, engli...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the structure and measurement invariance religious identity, practice, beliefs across cultures in six world regions (Asia, non-Western Europe, North America, Oceania, South Western Europe) Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic (WEIRD) non-WEIRD regions. Confirmatory factory analysis examined whether hypothesized model fits data; several multi-...

The question of who is and who is not a bilingual is more difficult to answer than it first appears. Bilingualism was long regarded as the equal mastery of two languages, a definition that still prevails in certain glossaries of linguistics. However, today's complex world requires a more exact definition and analysis of the competencies that community members require to interact with speakers o...

introduction        a dialect is a variety of a language used by group of people whose lexicon, syntax, phonetics and phonology are different from those of other people. the existence of many geographical, economic and social barriers among the speakers of a language cause the emergence of many dialects. as such, each language has many dialects and accents and each dialect has many different ac...

objective: to review the current situation regarding prenatal diagnosis (pnd) in islamic countries. methods: a descriptive study (narrative review) has been done based on the available data in formal international and national published documents in 2013. the sources were papers, websites and electronic books. time limitation of searches has started 20 years ago. the main languages were english...