We investigate the properties of the host galaxies of X–ray selected (high frequency peaked) BL Lac objects using a large and homogeneous data set of high spatial resolution R–band observations of 52 BL Lacs in the EMSS and Slew samples. The redshift distribution of the BL Lacs ranges from z = 0.04 to z>0.7, with average and median redshifts z = 0.26 and z = 0.24, respectively. Eight objects ar...

Cosmological numerical simulations of galaxy formation have led to the cuspy density profile of pure cold dark matter halo toward the center, which is in sharp contradiction with the observations of the rotation curves of cold dark matter-dominated dwarf and low surface brightness disk galaxies, the latter tends to favor mass profiles with a flat central core. Many efforts have been devoted to ...

We define pure intuitionistic differential proof nets, extending Ehrhard and Regnier’s differential interaction nets with the exponential box of Linear Logic. Normalization of the exponential reduction and confluence of the full one is proved. These results are directed and adjusted to give a translation of Boudol’s untyped λ-calculus with resources extended with a linear-non linear reduction à...

A central problem in time series analysis is prediction of a future observation. The theory of optimal linear prediction has been well understood since the seminal work of A. Kolmogorov and N. Wiener during World War II. A simplifying assumption is to assume that one-step-ahead prediction is carried out based on observing the infinite past of the time series. In practice, however, only a finite...

We propose some new baby-step giant-step algorithms for computing “low-weight” discrete logarithms; that is, for computing discrete logarithms in which the radix-b representation of the exponent is known to have only a small number of nonzero digits. Prior to this work, such algorithms had been proposed for the case where the exponent is known to have low Hamming weight (i.e., the radix-2 case)...

The virial mass (Mvir)–metallicity relation among the Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) is examined. Hirashita, Takeuchi, & Tamura showed that the dSphs can be divided into two distinct classes with respect to the relation between their virial masses and luminosities: low-mass (Mvir . 10M⊙) and highmass (Mvir & 10M⊙) groups. We see that both the mass–metallicity and the mass– lumino...

Vortex-antivortex configurations and their stability in mesoscopic superconducting square. Abstract We solve the Ginzburg-Landau equation (GLE) for the mesoscopic super-conducting thin film of the square shape in the magnetic field for the wide range of the Ginzburg-Landau parameter 0.05 < κ ef f < ∞. We focus on the region of the field where formation of the antivortex has been reported previo...