Abstract Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with docetaxel or antiandrogens (abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide) improved the outcomes in men metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). When multiple options are available, dilemma remains how to choose among these options. Similarly, issues of bone health, long-term side effects therapies, and hereditary risk need be disc...

BACKGROUND Castration resistance occurs in most patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer who are receiving androgen-deprivation therapy. Replacing androgens before progression of the disease is hypothesized to prolong androgen dependence. METHODS Men with newly diagnosed, metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, a performance status of 0 to 2, and a prostate-specific a...

Bcl-2 and Bax immunoreactivity were examined in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB), an androgen-sensitive motor pool of adult rats. Castration reduced Bcl-2 immunoreactivity and testosterone treatment of castrates prevented this decline. Hormone manipulations did not affect Bcl-2 or Bax staining in the retrodorsolateral nucleus (RDLN), a relatively androgen-insensitive nucleus at t...

With the nuclear exchange assay and the nuclear retention assay it is shown that the androgen insensitivity of Tfm mice is probably due to a defect of the nuclear acceptor sites for the testosterone receptor complex. Further on the results obtained point strongly to the possibility that hormone free androgen receptor is localized in the nuclei and in the cytoplasma according to the "equilibrium...

Four sublines (H, HI, G, and AT) of the R3327 (Dunning) rat prostatic carcinoma have different androgen sensitivities and histopathological characteristics. In order to investigate whether these characteristics were associated with differences in the hormone receptor profile and its response to estrogen, we carried out Scatchard analysis on the cytosolic (C) and high-salt nuclear-associated (N)...

BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) is the key molecule in androgen-refractory prostate cancer. Despite androgen ablative conditions, AR remains active and is necessary for the growth of androgen-refractory prostate cancer cells. Nuclear localization of AR is a prerequisite for its transcriptional activation. We examined AR localization in androgen-dependent and androgen-refractory prostate cance...

Prostatic carcinogenesis is associated with changes in the androgen receptor (AR) axis converting it from a paracrine dependence upon stromal signaling to an autocrine-initiated signaling for proliferation and survival of prostatic cancer cells. This malignant conversion is due to gain of function changes in which the AR activates novel genomic (i.e. transcriptional) and non-genomic signaling p...

Treatment modalities targeting prostate tumors have evolved significantly since the 1970’s when diethylstilbestrol (DES) was the first line treatment for metastatic disease [1]. Contemporaneously, anti-androgen therapy in the form of cyproterone acetate demonstrated success treating advanced prostate tumors [2], and initiated a succession of hormone ablation therapies used in the 1980’s and 199...

Clinical management of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) resulting from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains challenging. Many studies indicate that receptor splice variants (ARVs) play a critical role in the development CRPC, including resistance to new generation inhibitors (AR) action. ARVs are constitutively active and lack ligand-binding domain (LBD), thereby allowing (PC) ...