Article history: Received 23 October 2007 Received in revised form 21 February 2008 Accepted 25 February 2008 Available online xxxx EC TE D PR Reproductive hormones have been demonstrated tomodulate both gapand tight-junctionprotein expression in reproductive tissues and endometrium,however the effects of changes in reproductive hormoneson the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier (...

To decrease the risk of osteoporotic fractures in Poland, the Multidisciplinary Osteoporotic Forum has set up a joint Working Group including the representatives of the Polish Associations of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Rehabilitation, Gerontology, Rheumatology, Family Medicine, Diabetology, Laboratory Diagnostics, Andropause and Menopause, Endocrinology, Radiology, and the STENKO group as we...

BACKGROUND Sutherland et al. (2011) suggested that, instead of risk factors for single neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), there was a need to identify specific "drivers", i.e., risk factors with impact on specific deposits, such as amyloid-β, tau, or α-synuclein, acting across entities. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Redefining drivers as "neither protein/gene- nor entity-specific features identifia...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this document is to generate a practice guideline for the management and treatment of symptoms of the menopause. PARTICIPANTS The Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause Task Force included six experts, a methodologist, and a medical writer, all appointed by The Endocrine Society. EVIDENCE The Task Force developed this evidenced-based guideline using the Grading of...

Given demographic evolution of the population in modern societies, one of the most important health care needs is successful aging with less frailty and dependency. During the last 20 years, a multitude of anti-aging practices have appeared worldwide, aiming at retarding or even stopping and reversing the effects of aging on the human body. One of the cornerstones of anti-aging is hormone repla...

INTRODUCTION Andropause and aging are associated with neuroendocrine dysfunctions. Growth hormone and testosterone play a significant role in several processes affecting adaptation and thereby also everyday functioning. The aim of this research project was to evaluate the effects of recombinant human growth hormone and testosterone enanthate injections on body mass and body composition, aerobic...

BACKGROUND Male hypogonadism is defined as 'inadequate gonadal function, manifested by deficiency in gametogenesis and/or secretion of gonadal hormones'. Signs and symptoms of hypogonadism depend primarily on the age of onset. It can be classified according to the site primarily involved: the gonads, the hypothalamus, or the pituitary gland. The objective this study was to determine the present...

Reproductive hormones have been demonstrated to modulate both gap and tight junction protein expression in the ovary and other reproductive tissues, however the effects of changes in reproductive hormones on the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remain unclear. Age-related declines in BBB integrity correlate with the loss of serum sex steroids and increase in gonadotropins...

'Andropause', like menopause, has received significant attention in recent years. It results in a variety of symptoms experienced by the elderly. Many of these symptoms are nonspecific and vague. For this reason, many authors have questioned the value of androgen replacement in this population. Also in dispute is the normal cutoff level for testosterone beyond which therapy should be initiated,...