The beneficial effects of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors go beyond the inhibition of ACE to decrease angiotensin (Ang) II or increase kinin levels. ACE inhibitors also affect kinin B1 and B2 receptor (B1R and B2R) signaling, which may underlie some of their therapeutic usefulness. They can indirectly potentiate the actions of bradykinin (BK) and ACE-resistant BK analogs on B2R...

BACKGROUND To document the pharmacotherapy of chronic heart failure (CHF) and to evaluate the adherence to treatment guidelines in Australian population. METHODS The pharmacological management of 677 patients (female 46.7%, 75.5 ± 11.6 years) with CHF was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and β-blo...

there are controversial reports about the effect of captopril on pain modulation. also while captopril may potentiate morphine analgesia, enalapril has not such an effect and interaction of morphine with angiotensin ii receptor antagonists and other angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors has not been studied yet. therefore, this study was designed to assess the effect of captopril, lisinopril...

The global pandemic known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review article presents the taxonomy of SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses, which have been classified seventh human pathogenic coronavirus. etiology COVID-19 is also briefly discussed. Selected characteristics SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and HCoV-NL63 are compared in article. a...

The concentration of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) increases during chronic treatment with ACE inhibitors for unknown reasons. We investigated whether alterations in ACE mRNA and ACE concentration occur in the different tissues during ACE inhibition and the role of angiotensins in these regulations by comparing ACE inhibitors with other blockers of the renin-angiotensin system. Enalapril,...

This article examines the evidence justifying the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors as first-line antihypertensive drugs. ACE inhibitors are as effective as traditional antihypertensive agents and, in addition, exert their blood-pressure-lowering effect with near optimal hemodynamic alterations. These drugs have a good tolerance and safety profile although they induce cough ...

AIM To evaluate changes in management practices and its influence on short term hospital outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admitted during two different time periods, 2007 and 2004. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied AMI patients from two acute coronary syndrome registries carried out in Kuwait in 2007 and 2004. We included 1872 and 1197 patients from the 2007 and 2004 r...

BACKGROUND The effect on cardiovascular outcomes of withholding angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers in chronic users before noncardiac surgery is unknown. METHODS In this international prospective cohort study, the authors analyzed data from 14,687 patients (including 4,802 angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker users) ...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is known to catalyze the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and degrades bradykinin and other vasoactive peptides. The fact that ACE participates in the degradation of bradykinin has led to the postulate that the beneficial renal and cardiovascular actions of ACE inhibitors can be attributed to augmenting and prolonging the effects of bradykinin. T...