introduction: the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors, which have been implicated in memory formation, could be noncompetitively blocked by ketamine. the present study examines the short term effect of ketamine on induction of anterograde and retrograde amnesia in male rats using morris water maze (mwm). methods: male n-mri rats were randomly divided into nine experimental groups. mwm studies...

background sildenafil (viagra) has been introduced to treat erectile dysfunction by acting as phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor and hence accumulation of guanosine cyclic monophosphate (cgmp). on the other hands, the nitric oxide/cgmp signaling pathway has crucial role in synaptic plasticity processes like long-term potentiation (ltp) in the central nervous system considered as a model of learning ...

This paper proposes an approach for the space-fractional diffusion equation in one dimension. Since fractional differential operators are non-local, two main difficulties arise after discretization and solving using Gaussian elimination: how to handle the memory requirement of O(N) for storing the dense or even full matrices that arise from application of numerical methods and how to manage the...

in this paper, a high-order and conditionally stable stochastic difference scheme is proposed for the numerical solution of $rm ithat{o}$ stochastic advection diffusion equation with one dimensional white noise process. we applied a finite difference approximation of fourth-order for discretizing space spatial derivative of this equation. the main properties of deterministic difference schemes,...

This study asks if there is gender-specific spatial heterogeneity in local obesity. By using the 2015 Korea Community Health Survey and employing spatial analyses, this study found that there is considerable gender-specific spatial heterogeneity in local obesity rates. More specifically, we found that: (1) local obesity rates are more spatially dependent for women than for men; (2) environmenta...

BACKGROUND Regionally partitioned health indicator values are commonly presented in choropleth maps. Policymakers and health authorities use them among others for health reporting, demand planning and quality assessment. Quite often there are concerns whether the health situation in certain areas can be considered different or equivalent to a reference value. RESULTS Highlighting statisticall...

androgens have been shown to affect cognitive aspects of spatial memory. testosterone which is the most important androgen, plays a role in the organization of behavior during development. also, it has been shown that androgens cause sex related differences in learning and memory especially during neonatal period. in the current study, we assessed the effects of castration and testosterone enan...