Five asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive male homosexuals were immunized with the recall antigens tetanus toxoid (TT) and the three types of poliovirus present in diphtheria, tetanus, and polio vaccine. Four weeks after immunization, the in vivo response to booster immunization, the in vitro pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced IgG secretion, and the in vitro T cell-dependent...

The secondary immune response to tetanus toxoid in 14 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been studied in suspension cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and synovial membrane obtained at synovectomy. Sequential cultures of PBL from three normal subjects established the optimal time of antibody response at 5 days. At this time, the antitetanus antibody produced was predominant...

Antibody production in mice after immunization with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine was investigated. Six lots of the vaccine produced in the same year by six manufacturers in Japan were chosen. Production of IgE antibody specific to either diphtheria or tetanus toxoid varied among vaccine preparations used, although there was no apparent difference in IgG antibody production after i...

By integrating photopolymerized cross-linked polyacrylamide gels within a microfluidic device, we have developed a microanalytical platform for performing electrophoresis-based immunoassays. The microfluidic immunoassays are performed by gel electrophoretic separation and quantitation of bound and unbound antibody or antigen. To retain biological activity of proteins and maintain intact immune ...

BACKGROUND Immune responses are complex traits influenced by genetic and environmental factors. We previously reported that genetic factors control early antibody responses to vaccines in Gambian infants. For the present study, we evaluated the determinants of the memory phase of immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses. METHODS Antibody responses to tetanus toxoid (TT), measles vaccines, and environ...

Bordetella pertussis fimbriae (Fim2 and Fim3) are components of a five-component acellular pertussis vaccine (diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine [DTaP5]), and antibody responses to fimbriae have been associated with protection. We analyzed the IgG responses to individual Fim2 and Fim3 in sera remaining from a Swedish placebo-controlled efficacy trial that compared a whole-cell vacci...

TO THE EDITOR—Maternal and neonatal tetanus is a significant cause of mortality, estimated to cause 180 000 deaths annually [1]. Since the mid-1970s, tetanus vaccination of pregnant women has been included in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) [2]. Two doses of tetanus toxoid are sufficient to generate an antibody response (immunoglobulin G [IgG] clas...

In the USA, the potency of commercially prepared equine tetanus antitoxin is determined by the method outlined in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 9, Part 113.451. In the current test, commercial equine tetanus antitoxin is tested by a toxin neutralization test in guinea pigs. The in vivo test measures antitoxin content through effectiveness of protection of guinea pigs injected with dilu...

The aim of this study was to assess immunity levels against tetanus in the areas of 26 health centers in Samsun, Antalya, and Diyarbakir in Turkey in 2000 - 2001. The study group consisted of 2,465 healthy subjects aged 6 months old or above, randomly selected from each age group in the area. Of these, a total of 2,094 (85.0%) serum samples were assayed for tetanus antibody; 716 were from Antal...