Analysis of the global burden of antimicrobial resistance may give answers to several questions important for treatment decisions: Does overall antibiotic consumption drive antibiotic resistance? Why are there differences in consumption between countries? Are there differences between penicillins, cephalosporins, and macrolides in terms of resistance induction? Antibiotic consumption appears to...

We report the case of a patient with a chronic bacterial infection that could not be cured. Drug treatment became progressively less effective due to antibiotic resistance, and the patient died, in effect from overwhelming evolution. Even though the evolution of drug resistance was recognized as a major threat, and the fundamentals of drug resistance evolution are well understood, it was imposs...

objectives the study was carried out in a tertiary care center in tehran, iran to identify the frequency of hospital acquired methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (ha-mrsa ) colonization and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern and molecular characteristics. patients and methods this point-prevalence study was performed on 631 children who were admitted for at least 48 hours in differen...

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is a common bacterial infection in childhood . Approximately 3-5% of girls and 1% of boys acquire a urinary tract infection (UTI). The management of UTI is complicated by the increasing prevalence of antibiotic- resistant strains and over the - counter antibiotics empiric therapy with antibiotics such as ampicillin , amoxicillin and cotrimoxazo...

Countywide antibiotic resistance patterns may provide additional information from that obtained from national sampling or individual hospitals. We reviewed susceptibility patterns of selected bacterial strains isolated from blood in San Francisco County from January 1996 to March 1999. We found substantial hospital-to-hospital variability in proportional resistance to antibiotics in multiple or...

background methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is known as a common pathogen in nosocomial and community-acquired infections. sewage acts as an environmental reservoir and may have a significant role in development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. objectives this study was undertaken to determine the epidemiological relatedness between the mrsa isolated from sewage and...

INTRODUCTION Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in paediatrics. Because of an overall rise in health care costs, lack of uniformity in drug prescribing and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, monitoring and control of antibiotic use is of growing concern and strict antibiotic policies should be warranted. Before such policies can be implemented, detailed knowledge of a...

background :  pathogenic bacteria because of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance genes are dangerous to society. this resistance due to esbl genes, plasmids and transposons that by receiving or mutation occurs. the most important factor beta-lactam antibiotic resistance is beta lactamase enzymes. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of hospital opportunistic pathogenic bacteria...

Most nosocomial infections by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus have gained considerable attention due to an increase of infections caused by these strains that have been reported in recent years throughout the world. Most notably, it is important to underline the presence of S. epidermidis and S. aureus in the human epithelia microflora and to highlight that it is impossible...

Methods This study was based on data from the national antibiotic resistance surveillance (ISIS-AR) in The Netherlands. The 22 participating laboratories cover approximately 50% of all hospital beds. Data from 2008 through 2010 on S. aureus (SA) isolates were evaluated for methicillin resistance and spa-type, to identify LA-MRSA strains. Only the first isolate per patient was included. For this...