Abstract Using observational data and model hindcasts produced by a coupled climate model, we examine the response of East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) to three types El Niño: eastern Pacific (EP) central I (CP-I) II (CP-II) Niños. The analysis shows that all Niño weaken EAWM with varying degrees impact. EP has largest weakening effect, while CP-II second largest, CP-I smallest. We find diverse ...

We present observations at near-infrared wavelengths (1–5 lm) of Jupiter’s north polar region and Northern Red Oval (NN-LRS-1). The observations were taken with the near-infrared camera NIRC2 coupled to the adaptive optics system on the 10-mW.M. Keck Telescope on UT 21 August 2010. At 5-lm Jupiter’s disk reveals considerable structure, including small bright rings which appear to surround all s...

G.R. Asrar and J.W. Hurrell (eds.), Climate Science for Serving Society: Research, Modeling and Prediction Priorities, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6692-1_5, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Abstract Aerosol cloud-mediated radiative forcing, commonly known as the aerosol indirect effect (AIE), dominates the uncertainty in our ability to quantify anthropogenic climate forcing and respe...

[1] Three years of high-frequency radar observations in the Santa Barbara Channel reveal sequences of alternating cyclonic and anticyclonic vortices propagating westward with a period of approximately 2 weeks. The sequences last up to a few months and occur intermittently throughout the year. The velocity distributions of cyclones and anticyclones are antisymmetric with a mean propagation speed...

For six stations in the northeastern Unit,ed States, the spectrum of horizontal wind speed was analyzed using 10 yr of 1-min averaged, hourly surface reports. The fast Fourier transform technique was employed to estimate the spectrum between 1 cycle/2 hr and 1 cycle/2 yr. The kinetic energy spectra show two major spikes at periods of 24 hr and 1 yr. However, most of the energy is contained in t...

Abstract Skillful subseasonal prediction of extreme heat and precipitation greatly benefits multiple sectors, including water management, public health, agriculture, in mitigating the impact events. A statistical model is developed to predict weekly frequency warm days 14-day standardized index (SPI) during boreal summer United States (US). We use a leading principal component US soil moisture ...

Stratospheric aerosol profiles at high northern latitudes from the Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement (SAM) II experiment are used to document the aerosol maxima that occur in the major wintertime anticyclones. Fourteen years (1978–1991) of 1 mm extinction are used to calculate median values for each season in bins of 58 latitude by 308 longitude by 1 km altitude. Longitude-altitude sections of ...

Rotating grid turbulence experiments have been carried out in a stably stratified fluid for relatively large Reynolds numbers (mesh Reynolds numbers up to 18 000). Under the combined effects of rotation and stratification the flow degenerates into quasihorizontal motions. This regime is investigated using a scanning imaging velocimetry technique which provides time-resolved velocity fields in a...

Clustering techniques are adapted to facilitate the comparison of gridded 700-hPa wind flow patterns spanning the continental United States. A recent decade (1985–94) of wind component data has been extracted from two widely used reanalysis datasets: NCEP-R1 and the NCEP–Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project, phase two (AMIP-R2). Metrics and measures are identifie...