The induction of a strong mucosal immune response is essential to building successful HIV vaccines. Highly attenuated recombinant HIV vaccinia virus can be administered mucosally, but even high doses of immunization have been found unable to induce strong mucosal antibody responses. In order to solve this problem, we studied the interactions of recombinant HIV vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (rVT...

objective the goal of this study was to prepare and characterize alginate microspheres as an antigen delivery system and adjuvant for immunization against leishmaniasis. materials and methods microspheres were prepared by an emulsification technique and characterized for size, encapsulation efficiency, and release profile of encapsulates. selection of appropriate parameters (viscosity of algina...

During pregnancy the plasma concentration of two different inhibitors of plasminogen activators (PAIs) increases. The only one found in the plasma of nonpregnant women (PAI1) is immunologically related to a PAI of endothelial cells; its plasma activity, as deduced from the inhibition of single-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), increased from 3.4 +/- 2.3 U/mL (mean +/- 95% confiden...

In the development of subunit vaccines with purified or recombinant antigens for cancer and infectious diseases, the design of improved and safe adjuvants able to efficiently target the antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, represents a crucial challenge. Nanoparticle-based antigen delivery systems have been identified as an innovative strategy to improve the efficacy of subunit va...

Avirulent strains of Salmonella typhimurium are being considered as antigen delivery vectors. During its intracellular stage in the host, S. typhimurium resides within a membrane-bound compartment and is not an efficient inducer of class I-restricted immune responses. Viral epitopes were successfully delivered to the host-cell cytosol by using the type III protein secretion system of S. typhimu...

Administered in vivo, covalent receptor-recognized α2-macroglobulin (α2M)-antigen complexes enhance humoral and cell-mediated immunity. We hypothesized that in vivo α2M-encapsulation could be promoted in the setting of vaccines that co-deliver α2M with unbound antigen, thereby eliminating the need to prepare complexes in vitro. Mice immunized intradermally with co-delivered α2M and OVA demonstr...

Targeted antigen delivery to cross-presenting dendritic cells (DC) in vivo efficiently induces T effector cell responses and displays a valuable approach vaccine design. Antigen is delivered DC via antibodies specific for endocytosis receptors such as DEC-205 that induce uptake, processing, MHC class I- II-presentation. Efficient reliable conjugation of the desired suitable antibody critical st...

Bacterial vectors may offer many advantages over other antigen delivery systems for cancer vaccines. We engineered a Salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain to deliver the NY-ESO-1 tumor antigen (S. typhimurium-NY-ESO-1) through a type III protein secretion system. The S. typhimurium-NY-ESO-1 construct elicited NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer pa...