OBJECTIVE To examine the association between nondefect adverse birth outcomes and in utero exposure to zidovudine (ZDV)-containing regimens versus non-ZDV antiretroviral (ARV) regimens. DESIGN Analysis of prospectively-collected data. SETTING Global. POPULATION HIV-infected pregnant women prenatally exposed to antiretrovirals. METHODS Estimation of prevalence of and risk for nondefect a...

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a primary therapeutic modality for managing individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, and its efficacy has been established. However, the safety profiles of ART need to be continually monitored, including early elevated liver function test (LFT) after antiretroviral (ARV) initiation. This study aimed assess incidence abnormal LFT among HIV-po...

Highlights: Gynecomastia is a known potential side effect of efavirenz, which may manifest in HIV patients. Healthcare providers should be vigilant and address the adverse effects medications prescribed to individuals with HIV, including gynecomastia. Surgeons resource-limited areas show flexibility can achieve satisfactory results procedures despite limited resources surgical options. Abstract...

This study sought to investigate the impacts of the antiretroviral (ARV) therapy regimens currently used in Chinese HIV-1-infected individuals. Seven hundred eighteen ARV-treated and treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals living in seven provinces were enrolled in 2005 by a multistage sampling approach according to a national cross-sectional survey program on HIV-1 drug resistance. All pati...

CONTEXT One of the biggest hurdles to the rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in the developing world was the price of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). Modification of an existing US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) process to expedite review and approval of generic ARVs quickly resulted in a large number of FDA-tentatively approved ARVs available for use by the US President's Emergency Plan...

An elderly woman with human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection developed short bowel syndrome as a result of extensive intestinal resection. Considering the possibility of poor absorption of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was performed. A single-dose test of 6 ARVs (darunavir, ritonavir, lopinavir, etravirine, maraviroc, and raltegravir) did not provide informati...

SIV DNA can be detected in lymphoid tissue-resident macrophages of chronically SIV-infected Asian macaques. These macrophages also contain evidence of recently phagocytosed SIV-infected CD4+ T cells. Here, we examine whether these macrophages contain replication-competent virus, whether viral DNA can be detected in tissue-resident macrophages from antiretroviral (ARV) therapy-treated animals an...

OBJECTIVES This study analyses the effect of the Andean countries' June 2003 negotiation of antiretroviral drug (ARV) prices. The objectives were to assess the problems faced during the negotiation process, to evaluate the impact of the negotiation on ARV prices, and to identify factors that could make it difficult for countries to implement the results of the negotiation. METHODS Price infor...

The efficacy of combination therapy (antiretroviral therapy--ARV) is demonstrated by the high rates of viral suppression achieved in most treated HIV patients. Whereas contemporary treatments may continuously suppress HIV replication, they do not eliminate the latent reservoir, which can reactivate HIV infection if ARV is discontinued. The persistence of HIV proviral DNA and infectious viruses ...