CICS Transaction Server 1.3 includes a significant set of new APIs under the umbrella title of CICS Business Transaction Services (CICS BTS). The aim of this set of APIs is to ease the development and deployment of complex, multi-transaction applications in the mainframe CICS environment. The APIs enable the explicit management of the collection of individual CICS transactions that implement an...

Nosemosis is the most common disease in adult bees. Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae species are agents of important economic losses to beekeepers around the world. The severity of disease at various area is different. Previously, N. apis was observed in areas with a long winter, especially in late winter and early spring. But in recent years, disease has been reported in the warm seasons. The st...

The stinger is a very small and efficient device that allows honeybees to perform two main physiological activities: repelling enemies and laying eggs for reproduction. In this study, we explored the specific characteristics of stinger penetration, where we focused on its movements and the effects of it microstructure. The stingers of Italian honeybees (Apis mellifera ligustica) were grouped an...

Apis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV) is a large double stranded DNA virus of honey bees, but its relationship with other parasites and prevalence are poorly known. We analyzed individual honey bees from three colonies at different times post emergence in order to monitor the dynamics of the AmFV gut colonization under natural conditions. Prevalence and loads of microsporidia and trypanosomes...

Sacbrood virus(SBV) is one of the most destructive viruses in the Asian honeybee Apis cerana but is much less destructive in Apis mellifera In previous studies, SBV isolates infecting A. cerana(AcSBV) and SBV isolates infecting A. mellifera(AmSBV) were identified as different serotypes, suggesting a species barrier in SBV infection. In order to investigate this species isolation, we examined th...

Abstract The mometasone furoate (MF) and formoterol fumarate dihydrate (FF) inhalable microparticles prepared by different methods, such as micronized active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), of APIs spray-freeze drying technique (SFD APIs), phospholipid SFD Lip-APIs), showed inhaled drug delivery characteristics. Study on the physicochemical characteristics those effect matrix excipients phar...

Data mashups enable users to create new applications by combining Web APIs from several data sources. However, the existing data mashup framework requires some programming knowledge, hence it is not suitable for use by non-expert users. In this paper, we present hierarchical clustering and pattern analysis methods that build semantic ontologies automatically, and propose similarity searching al...

Web APIs provide a systematic and extensible approach for application-toapplication interaction. Developers using web APIs are forced to accompany the API providers in their software evolution tasks. In order to understand the distress caused by this imposition on web API client developers we perform a semi-structured interview with six such developers. We also investigate how major web API pro...

The antiretroviral protease inhibitors (APIs) ritonavir, saquinavir, and lopinavir, used to treat HIV infection, inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum at clinically relevant concentrations. Moreover, it has been reported that these APIs potentiate the activity of chloroquine (CQ) against this parasite in vitro. The mechanism underlying this effect is not understood, but the degree of chem...

In this age of collaborative software development, the importance of usable APIs is well recognized. There already exists a rich body of literature that addresses issues ranging from how to design usable APIs to assessing qualitatively the usability of a given API. However, there does not yet exist a set of generalpurpose metrics that can be pressed into service for a more quantitative assessme...