Malonate, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex II, is a widely used toxin to study neurodegeneration in Huntington’s disease and ischemic stroke. We have previously shown that malonate increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, leading to oxidative stress, cytochrome-c release, and apoptotic cell death. Expression of a Green Fluorescent Protein-Bax...

BACKGROUND Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is abundantly expressed in cardiomyocytes. Protein kinase CK2 can phosphorylate ARC at threonine-149, thereby enabling ARC to antagonize apoptosis. ARC phosphorylation occurs in a constitutive manner. Nevertheless, cardiomyocytes still undergo apoptosis that is related to cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction and hear...

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective antineoplastic agent whose use has been limited by its cardiotoxic side effects. Recent studies have established that erythropoietin (EPO), a cytokine essential for red blood cell production, protects against ischemic injury in the heart and other organs. The purpose of this study was to assess whether EPO protects the heart against cardiotoxicity induced by DO...

nloaded 1 kinase activates multiple transcription factors and regulates the level of reactive oxygen species We have previously reported that ablation of TAK1 in keratinocytes causes hypersensitivity to ROSd cell apoptosis. It is known that some tumor cells produce ROS at higher levels compared with normal e used inducible epidermal-specific TAK1 knockout mice and examined whether ablation of T...

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is activated and involved in cleavage of caspase-3 during apoptosis induced by a number of stimuli. However, the signaling events triggered by p38 that result in caspase-3 activation are still unknown. In human leukemia cells, two reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), selectively stimulated the phosphorylation of p38. Prei...

The seasonal distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Damietta estuary of the Nile was investigated to show the influence of organic pollution. The DOM values increased generally with depth. The vertical values of DOM varied from 0.23-9.97 mg O/l. The average DOM values gave noticeable local variations in each month and pronounced monthly variations at each station. The maximum monthly...

In vitro maturation (IVM) is emerging as a popular technology at the forefront of fertility treatment and preservation. However, standard in vitro culture conditions usually increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have been implicated as one of the major causes for reduced embryonic developmental competence. It is well-known that higher than physiological levels of ROS triggers granulosa ...