Growers need reliable information on costs and returns they can expect for a cider apple ( Malus × domestica ) orchard suitable mechanization because specialty apples only be used making cider, are expected to lower than fresh table apples. This study estimates the costs, returns, net profit that growers may realize by planting in either freestanding or tall spindle system use mechanical harves...

AIMS To analyse the genetic diversity and the dynamics of Saccharomyces strains in spontaneous fermentation in ciders. The effect of the cellar, harvest and cider-making technology were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS The ecology of spontaneous cider fermentations in the same cellar (Asturias) was studied for two consecutive harvests (2000 and 2001) by using mtDNA restriction analysis. Our res...

Vinegar residue, a typical agro-industrial by-product in the vinegar production process, constitutes a huge environmental problem in China. Though utilization of vinegar residue has drawn much attention, there is still no effective, economical, and environmentally friendly method to deal with it. Anaerobic digestion is an effective method widely used in organic waste processing which might be a...

•ATTN models better than FC models, and discriminability objective works for both. •ATTN+CIDEr+* combination is our best choice •Moderate λ = 1 produces good tradeoff between discriminability and fluency •Higher λ make captions more discriminative to machine and to humans, but at the cost of fluency •With moderate λ, non-discriminative scores like BLEU, METEOR, CIDEr improve as well! • especial...

BACKGROUND There is an increasing need for alternatives to antibiotics for promoting animal health, given the increasing problems associated with antibiotic resistance. In this regard, we evaluated spent cider yeast as a potential probiotic for modifying the gut microbiota in weanling pigs using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene libraries. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Piglets aged 24-26 d...

SOME years ago during the progress of an inquiry on the production of an antiscorbutically active cider from Bramley's Seedling apples it was observed that the juice expressed from the fruit while retaining a very high proportion of its antiscorbutic activity did not reduce indophenol. At that time the writer held the view that the capacity for reducing this indicator was mainly due to a substa...